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General Holocaust Denial Discussion Part II

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This is all sounding awfully vague. Is there any evidence indicating that the current understanding of the Holocaust is the result of this alleged counter-propaganda?

There is a two hour documentary on this on the Barnes Review site, titled 'Buchenwald: a Dumb-dumb Portrayal of Evil'. Unfortunately, I do not have permission to post the link here.


There's a difference between different interpretations of the material, different material, and conflicting material. Most of the information is corroborated. There isn't anything major that would indicate the Nazis didn't kill millions of people.

My claim is of conflicting material and lack of corroboration.


That's not what skepticism is about. Skepticism is about looking at all available evidence, in context, and choosing the best explanation. Despite the common misconception, it's about proving things, not doubting things.

Which is why historians, such as Dr Terry here, have developed methods that take such things into account. He's kind of an expert on this sort of thing. Ask him about the methodology.

Your assertions about scepticism are arbitrary and historically inaccurate. The first sceptic, Sextus Empiricus, in his Outlines of Pyrrhonism, identifies scepticism as a middle way of doubt between the extremes of dogmatism and ignorance, which justifies continuing inquiry. Similarly, Descartes, in his Discourse on Method (1637) uses sceptical doubt as a method of eliminating accumulated falsehood. So the common conception of scepticism includes doubt, though not only that. The problem of a sceptic in this case is to apply the concept of doubt to the case of human testimony. Nick Terry has obviously put a lot of work into this, but I'm not sure how sceptical his methods are.


I don't think you'll find anyone here who doesn't agree that alleged victims are sometimes liars. Like Terry said; tens of thousands of people or more saying the chambers did exist, versus a handful of frauds.

Again, you have to find evidence that actively indicates a lie, not just present a lie as possibility. What about the atrocities is so implausible?

There is a difference between people saying the gas chambers exist and saying they saw them with their own eyes. That distinction greatly reduces the number of witnesses. The burden of proof is on people who are saying something historically unprecedented happened. As for implausibility, many atrocity stories are psychologically implausible, for example a ten year-old German girl clapping her hands in delight while babies are thrown into the air and machine-gunned, or people cramming into a room with limited oxygen without panic breaking out and a rush for the door.


You are on a skeptical forum. Skepticism requires evidence and testing. Witnesses are corroborated by physical evidence, Nazi testimony, heck, even bookkeepping. Prayer, for example, can have positive effects on people, but there's a question of whether God/Allah/Yahweh/Thor is intervening or whether it's psychological, akin to affirmations or a placebo.

Physical evidence refutes the central gas chamber claims (see the Rudolf Report on Kremas II & III). I needn't repeat the evidence of torture and duress in the confessions surely, not to mention several counterexamples of denial by leading Nazis. As for bookkeeping, Raul Hilberg stated in 1985 that there was no budget for the holocaust, so how is bookkeeping relevant?
 
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One might add that there is a tendency among many revisionists of an extreme-right persuasion to relentlessly exaggerate Stalin's crimes (eg the meme of '100 million Christians' which does the round on Stormfront and other sites), displaying a remarkable set of double standards compared to their denial of Nazi crimes.

The 100 million figure originated in the Black Book of Communism by Stéphane Courtois, and includes Mao, etc, etc. It is thus not wholly groundless, however mangled.


It would be helpful to have some idea [of what you have read] regarding the conventional historical literature.

I have copies of Martin Gilbert's Holocaust (1985) and Raul Hilberg's Destruction of the European Jews (student edition) to hand. Hilberg incidentally, expresses just the preference for detail and has the weak explanatory structure that you criticise Mattogno for. I have read William Shirer's Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Rassinier's Lies of Ulysses, Juergen Graf's Giant with Feet of Clay (on Hilberg), Goldhagen's Willing Executioners (which has the merit of raising the question of motive), Ulrich Herbert's (ed.) National Socialist Extermination Policies. For the war crimes trials I have R W Cooper's the Nuremberg Trial and Louis Paget's Manstein: his Campaigns and his Trial. Mostly I have interpretative literature, e.g. Nolte's 1963 book on Fascism, Twisted Path to Auschwitz (the first 'functionalist' book), Norman Cohn's Warrant for Genocide, Richard Weikert's From Darwin to Hitler, ], a book of selections from the Historikerstreit, a great many books from the 1930s and 1940s. I could go on. I am most interested in the literature of the era rather than later reconstructions. I found Kevin Macdonald's trilogy culminating in Culture of Critique (1994) helpful in giving me an intuitive idea of anti-semitism, but also know older material, e.g. Drumont's La France juive, Chamberlain's Foundations, none of which really explains the degree of hatred that would be necessary. And lest I forget, Mein Kampf.


Conversely, we are used to propaganda in wartime or states of emergency or from foreign powers exaggerating or embellishing aspects of many conflicts. But when the smoke clears, the facts can be checked. And then, researched historically.

The point being that perhaps this clearing of the smoke has yet to be done for WW2. We are still living fearfully in its shadow.


While Mattogno can seem very 'reasonable' in some parts of his work, he lets the mask slip elsewhere, and is overly associated with a full blown whackjob antisemitic conspiracy theorist, Graf. [...]

Firstly, here we have the tired old leftist cliche of "the mask", implying that only the Left is genuinely human and everyone else a class-ridden ideologist. How quaint! Secondly, the recovery of intellectual confidence by the radical right has been the main intellectual event I have come across this century, particularly its engagement with evolutionary psychology, according to which inter-ethnic competition and the shaping of culture by ethnic agendas is to be expected. To my mind, some in the academic community would be better employed taming these ideas rather than enforcing a blank-slate view of the mind that is at odds with the known facts of human nature.


The Americans captured the Einsatzgruppen reports but did not have access to Soviet Extraordinary Commission investigations of the same towns, yet the details routinely match up. The two sources of evidence are independent of each other, and corroborate each other. There is thus no room for reasonable doubt on mass execution after mass execution. Yet revisionist articles of faith would dictate that one or other ally fabricated the story. How to explain both arriving at the same conclusions?

Well, I will wait and see what Mattogno has to say about that in 2014. It would be unwieldy to add to the other reply to what you have already said, so I will stop here for now.
 
Clearly, because citing a lack of physical evidence isn't a rational argument.
Correct -- when such evidence is not lacking, nor required as support for any other historical event.
This is only partly true because "Holocaust deniers" and their social affiliates aren't typically involved in the propaganda industry. Let's take a wild guess at which social group has a disproportionate dominance in this field.
Let's not. Let's make an assertion and support it with evidence.

That's how it works here -- this is neither CODOH nor alt.rev, Tommy
The name a few: the Katyn Forest Massacre,
Not, nor ever was a part of the Holocaust.
prior claims of 'gas chambers' in every camp,
Claims by whom?
"steam chambers",
Citation?
evidence of torture in many cases,
Speaking of non-existent...
highly apparent motive.
And what motive was that, Tommy?
Like what?
Like traces of deadly gas in (and only in) those chambers used for gassing, like mass graves, like thousands of bullets right where the testimony says there would be, like rooms and rooms of personal effects stolen from the victims...
During WWII Germany "ausrottung" was more closely defined as "uprooting", for which I can provide several examples.
No, it wasn't -- not when being used to refer to living creatures.

And no, you cannot.

While *I* can supply multiple examples of native speakers (which you are not) confirming this.
This changes the the perceived context of the Posen speech. According to Dr. Wilhelm Staeglich, the speech in Sonthofen given by Himmler:
... was a forgery like every other document supporting the usual understanding of the Holocaust.
Regarding any reference to 'genocide':

"Even these excerpts — Peterson and Smith [publishers] do not give the whole texts of the speeches — must be regarded with skepticism, for they were taken from documents that are manifestly unreliable. In both of these cases, there are elements that strongly suggest a manipulation of text or forgery."
See? Care to detail this "elements" for us, Tommy?
There is one revealing question about all of these proclaimed speeches:
If Himmler successfully ordered the destruction of 'incriminating evidence' pertaining to Jewish extermination, how would he forget about his own speeches?
Easy-peasy. He didn't.
Why would he speak openly and on-record to an audience of thousands over an issue that was allegedly "so secret" that code names, verbal orders and an overwhelming lack of documentation was necessary?
Ah, yes -- the coulda shoulda woulda gambit.

Too bad for you Himmler himself explains this:

Ich will auch ein ganz schweres Kapitel will ich hier vor Ihnen in aller Offenheit nennen.

Es soll zwischen uns ausgesprochen sein, und trotzdem werden wir nicht in der Öffentlichkeit nie darüber reden.

Genau so wenig, wie wir am 30. Juni gezögert haben, die befohlene Plicht zu tun und Kameraden, die sich verfehlt hatten, an die Wand zu stellen und zu erschiessen.

Wie wir darüber niemals gesprochen haben und sprechen werden.

Das war so eine Gottseidank in uns wohnende Takt, Selbstverständlichkeit des Taktes, dass wir uns untereinander nie darüber unterhalten haben, nie darüber sprachen, es hat jeden geschauert und jeder war sich klar, dass er es das nächste Mal wieder tun würde, wenn es befohlen wird und wenn es notwendig ist.

Ich meine die "Judenevakuierung": die Ausrottung des jüdischen Volkes.

You *do* know what this says, right?

On that note, how many have heard of the Allied concentration camps in which more than 750,000 Germans were murdered post-war?
Any one who has read "Other Losses", which is to say anyone interested in the pathopsychology of denial.

Unfortunately for you, we have also read the criticisms of Bacque detailing the many errors in his work.
Since negation of this event can be shown, who has been the negationist?
Scholarly refutation of error is not "negationism".
Is it the US Government, the Jewish media bias in the United States and abroad or other anti-German interests?
D: None Of The Above/
If so, doesn't that show these organizations are willing to lie?
A big
if", given your spectacular failure to demonstrate a lie.
What does that say about 'the Holocaust', in general?
Even if true, nothing whatever.

"Falsus in Uno" is a denier trick with no impact on scholarly historiography.
Perhaps that is because Revisionists tend to admit when a lack of evidence exists rather than make up fairy tales to fill in gaps.
All deniers *have* are gaps.

Will you be the first to offer a self-consistent, evidence based narrative of these events which better explains that evidence?


*All* of that evidence?


Somehow I doubt it, Tommy.
This reminds me of why I am not religious; just because we don't know the answers doesn't mean "God did it" any more than it means "extermination plan". Ironically, both of these magical stories are dependent on 'eyewitness testimony'.
No, they *both* do not.

No matter how much of your life you have spent really really really wanting it to be so.
I find your neglect of 'gas chamber' evidence, which would account for more than half of the 'Holocaust', to be far more significant. The members of CODOH are still waiting for your response to both of these topics.
If they are so anxious for that response, don't you suppose they ought to stop banning anyone that offers it?
I assume you would claim that the opposite cannot be said for Believers.
It could be said.

It can be trivially demonstrated to be *wrong* to do so, but it could be said.
Really? From what I gather, Revisionists have held steadfast to the same basic assertions: no 'gas chambers', nothing close to '6 million' Jewish deaths, no 'extermination plan'.
Talk to David Irving.
Tell me, Mr. Terry, where are these "steam chambers", "skin lampshades" and "human soap"?
Tell us, Tommy -- where does Dr. Terry assert the (current or former) existence of these?
Of course, this is more evidence against the ridiculous 'gas chamber' proposal. It shows there would have been widespread rumor of 'gassings' throughout the main camp.
In what way?
How were 2,000 Jews crammed into a relatively tiny gas chamber on a regular basis with apparently flawless precision (by other Jews) if they had already known these buildings were not "showers", as alleged?
Perhaps you should learn what the historical record *actually says* about these events, rather than rely on denier distortions of that record?
Moreover, why do you regard testimony so highly when these witnesses who would have been predominantly Jewish had overwhelming personal reasons to 'punish' the Germans by whatever means possible?
Why should Zundel's testimony be so highly regarded by deniers when he had overwhelming personal reasons to "punish" the Canadians by whatever means possible.

And once again -- learn about the history you are so rabid to deny, so you you don't make obvious blunders like "predominately Jewish".
I'm sure the members at CODOH would love to discuss this with you.
Then you should get them to stop banning opposing views.
It is not a rare occurence for governments to conspire for private gains.
Who has claimed that it is, in this context?
You should be well aware of this as a historian. Are there authenticated originals of these documents available for review?
Yes.
Have any of these 'mass graves' been excavated?
"Any?" Yes.

Now, how many mass graves from other genocides have be excavated to your personal asatisfaction?
Why should the scientific method account for what the "rest of the world" has been convinced of?
Read for comprehension: in order for denial to become more than simply an expression of Jew hatred, the evidence which the historical method has documented must be accounted for as a while.

Not the nit-picking you have attempted in this post.
Does one have to disprove every religion before it can be regarded as false?
Irrelevant.
If you are making an initial claim, such as a mass German conspiracy to exterminate all Jews, YOU have the burden of proof.
And this has been met, to the satisfaction of courts and academics worldwide.
This is common sense. Revisionists don't claim to know exactly what happened during WWII -- they assert that no evidence has been sustained to support an "extermination plan".
Which is why they are *deniers* and not actually revisionists.

You have slipped up, and admitted your claims comprise an assertion. Since the opposite assertion has already accounted for the available evidence, you assertion must do so as well.

Get cracking.
 
Clearly, because citing a lack of physical evidence isn't a rational argument.

Asserting a lack of physical evidence when it actually exists is completely irrational, but is done routinely by Holocaust deniers.

This is only partly true because "Holocaust deniers" and their social affiliates aren't typically involved in the propaganda industry. Let's take a wild guess at which social group has a disproportionate dominance in this field.

Holocaust deniers aren't very involved in the media, arts, universities, schools or in genuine intellectual discourse. They are in fact pretty well shut out from public sphere in pretty much every single country in the West, regardless of what laws might or might not exist, and with no correlation between things like the size of the Jewish community or number of Holocaust museums.

The name a few: the Katyn Forest Massacre, prior claims of 'gas chambers' in every camp, "steam chambers", evidence of torture in many cases, highly apparent motive.

This is a Gish Gallop, and doesn't even make coherent sense in response to what uke2se wrote.

Like what?

Like the fact that witnesses reported open air mass cremations and there is physical evidence of the cremation of human remains at the relevant sites. This would generally be regarded as corroboration.

During WWII Germany "ausrottung" was more closely defined as "uprooting", for which I can provide several examples. This changes the the perceived context of the Posen speech.

You're going to provide these examples, or just assert that words mean what you want them to, Alice in Wonderland style?

According to Dr. Wilhelm Staeglich, the speech in Sonthofen given by Himmler:

"refers to the execution of Jews only in connection with the fight against partisans and other bandits operating behind the German lines on the eastern front."

No it doesn't. The speech quite clearly refers to the mass murder of Jews including very explicitly, women and children. Sonthofen doesn't sit on its own - there are a whole string of documents which make the intent perfectly clear.

You don't seem to realise that your gurus or yourself have to explain all of them. Together. Since your long dead guru Wilhelm Staeglich was writing originally in 1979, it's a dead cert that he missed a whole load of things which have been noticed in the past 33 years of research.

Regarding any reference to 'genocide':

"Even these excerpts — Peterson and Smith [publishers] do not give the whole texts of the speeches — must be regarded with skepticism, for they were taken from documents that are manifestly unreliable. In both of these cases, there are elements that strongly suggest a manipulation of text or forgery."

Utter nonsense. I'm sorry, but as soon as a denier starts spewing out forgery claims they might as well pack their bags and give up. Staeglich didn't even examine the original document so his assertion carries precisely zero weight.

But what is really intellectually offensive is the invocation of the standard denier trick 'it doesn't prove anything/but it's a forgery anyway'. Make up your mind - either it is an incriminating document or it's not. If it's not incriminating, there's no reason to allege forgery. Your claims are contradictory and illogical.

There is one revealing question about all of these proclaimed speeches:
If Himmler successfully ordered the destruction of 'incriminating evidence' pertaining to Jewish extermination, how would he forget about his own speeches? Why would he speak openly and on-record to an audience of thousands over an issue that was allegedly "so secret" that code names, verbal orders and an overwhelming lack of documentation was necessary?

The only revelation here is how confused your conflation of different issues has become, and your ignorance of the context.

Code words were used first and foremost to create psychological distance between the killers and their actions.

Verbal orders are given because the management style of the Nazi leadership preferred them on many occasions.

One set of documents can be ordered destroyed by one institution (such as Globocnik's SSPF Lublin staff, which reported that it burned the files from the Reinhard camps) and another set of documents might still be in use by another institution (such as Himmler's personal papers).

Try thinking through the bureaucracy involved.

By the way, the destruction of records is hardly unique to the SS. Less than 2% of the Luftwaffe records survived the war.

On that note, how many have heard of the Allied concentration camps in which more than 750,000 Germans were murdered post-war? Since negation of this event can be shown, who has been the negationist? Is it the US Government, the Jewish media bias in the United States and abroad or other anti-German interests? If so, doesn't that show these organizations are willing to lie? What does that say about 'the Holocaust', in general?

No such Allied "concentration camps" existed. You're repeating a long debunked claim by James Bacque which did not stand up to scrutiny.

Perhaps that is because Revisionists tend to admit when a lack of evidence exists rather than make up fairy tales to fill in gaps. This reminds me of why I am not religious; just because we don't know the answers doesn't mean "God did it" any more than it means "extermination plan". Ironically, both of these magical stories are dependent on 'eyewitness testimony'.

Obfuscating history by saying we cannot know something when we know perfectly well what happened isn't very convincing. This is why revisionism is essentially shut out. While you may convince yourself and a few others with bad arguments by analogy, the fact remains that 'revisionism' is negationism. It is always saying something did not happen and never, ever says clearly what actually did.

Unless you give me some kind of evidence to confirm what really did happen, if you say there were no gas chambers, then I will reply that they must have been abducted by Ernst Zundel's Nazi UFOs from the camps, because there is just as much evidence for that explanation as there is for any other claim you might make.

I find your neglect of 'gas chamber' evidence, which would account for more than half of the 'Holocaust', to be far more significant. The members of CODOH are still waiting for your response to both of these topics.

This discussion is not about me. It is about whether revisionism is anything more than a lunatic fringe belief espoused by what seem to be at best, a few hundred cranks on an exceedingly marginal internet forum like CODOH.

It's telling that in response to an observed weakness of revisionism, you simply try to shift the burden onto someone else and are effectively dodging the point.

I assume you would claim that the opposite cannot be said for Believers.

Protip: when you simply try to drag the other side down to your own level without refuting the point then it doesn't convince many people.

Really? From what I gather, Revisionists have held steadfast to the same basic assertions: no 'gas chambers', nothing close to '6 million' Jewish deaths, no 'extermination plan'.

And yet we have the spectacle of revisionist gurus contradicting each other on supposedly quite important points, like what the 'Vergasungskeller' document means. As I have reminded one of your brethren only recently, we see that the leading revisionist authors cannot agree on this simple matter of interpretation.

Arthur Butz says it was a carburetion chamber
Samuel Crowell says it was an air raid shelter
Carlo Mattogno says it was a delousing chamber
Robert Faurisson says it was a carburetion chamber, er morgue, er delousing chamber, er air raid shelter

They cannot all be right, so some of them are wrong.

Revisionism is quite obviously much more sophisticated than merely asserting three cardinal doctrines of faith. And it's when revisionists try to get clever and start making things up that they discredit themselves.

In 1976, Arthur Butz asserted that there were no large deportations of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz in the spring and summer of 1944. Several other revisionist authors, such as Walter Sanning, repeated this claim. Butz's assertion was based on an inordinately convoluted conspiracy theory about the fabrication of evidence and a misreading of a very indirect source which would hardly be considered decisive by any rational observer.

Fast forward to 2000, and three other revisionists, Carlo Mattogno, Juergen Graf and Samuel Crowell, tell Butz he got it wrong, and accept that there were large deportations of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz just as is said in all the mainstream history books.

Clearly, in this example, Butz has been outvoted by his fellow revisionists. Butz was wrong. That makes Butz look silly. This makes anyone who cites Butz look silly.

Another Butz gem was claiming that 'New York Zionists' invented the alleged hoax, based on the fact that Butz didn't bother to look any further than the New York Times for reports of the Holocaust during the war, ignoring totally all the material in archives, and especially all the material in Polish, which Butz couldn't read.

Again, Butz was wrong. Clearly the reports of the Holocaust did not originate in New York, but in Europe. This also makes Butz look silly.

Or we can go back to David Hoggan and Richard Harwood, who both repeated a fabricated claim about what was said in the ICRC report on relief efforts, that is so flagrantly wrong that present-day revisionists on CODOH were crestfallen when they realised that these revisionist heroes were lying.

These are the kinds of things that revisionists need to apologise for, and the kinds of booby traps which are created by leaving long debunked, out-dated and just downright wrong claims up on revisionist websites in the shape of books by the likes of Butz, Hoggan and Harwood.

Unfortunately the same process can be repeated for the revisionists of the 80s, 90s and 2000s. That's because deniers tell lies, and because deniers make assertions which turn out to be wrong. Quite how telling lies and making flat-out mistakes helps revisionism is beyond me.

Tell me, Mr. Terry, where are these "steam chambers", "skin lampshades" and "human soap"?

Oh look, another Gish Gallop 'I know you are but what am I' reversal.

Of course, this is more evidence against the ridiculous 'gas chamber' proposal. It shows there would have been widespread rumor of 'gassings' throughout the main camp.

Advanced inverted comma theory doesn't prove they were rumours. Sorry.

How were 2,000 Jews crammed into a relatively tiny gas chamber on a regular basis

Clearly you've never actually read very much about Auschwitz if you repeat such a lame misrepresentation. The extant records show transports arriving at a rate of less than 1 per day, with often 1000 or fewer passengers, of whom typically 20-30% were selected for labour, so that with 2 gas chambers typically operating, each crematoria had to handle a group of maybe 700 victims every other day.

Only from May to July 1944 was the tempo slightly higher, but in this phase you had five gassing sites to handle approximately 330,000 victims over the course of at least 54 days, which works out at an average of 1,200 per site per day. And quite a few batches revolted.

with apparently flawless precision (by other Jews) if they had already known these buildings were not "showers", as alleged?

As is typical for deniers, you confuse two separate killing processes. New arrivals at Auschwitz would not necessarily have known what was in store, knowledge was only common among victims from Poland because reports spread across the whole of the country by 1943. Thus we find that transports of Polish Jews did on occasion resist, as did others when they realised what was coming next.

Registered camp inmates were only taken to the gas chambers if selected as 'Muselmaenner' or in specific special actions such as the liquidation of the 'Gypsy camp' in August 1944. The 'Muselmaenner' knew exactly what was in store but were too physically weak to do anything about it. The Gypsies fought back when the SS surrounded their sector of the camp to haul them off to the crematoria.

Moreover, why do you regard testimony so highly when these witnesses who would have been predominantly Jewish had overwhelming personal reasons to 'punish' the Germans by whatever means possible?

The Jewish witnesses report the same things as the Polish, Dutch, French, Russian, Ukrainian, German, Austrian and other non-Jewish prisoner witnesses, who report the same things as the SS witnesses.

I think you missed where I said that all the witnesses irrespective of nationality, ethnicity, religion or political background who were at Auschwitz agreed that it was a site of mass murder.

I'm sure the members at CODOH would love to discuss this with you.

As you're undoubtedly a member of CODOH and EtienneSC is definitely a CODOH member, they are evidently already dicussing this with me. Except you forgot to make a point. Care to try again?

It is not a rare occurence for governments to conspire for private gains. You should be well aware of this as a historian.

There is simply NO EVIDENCE of collusion or contact. You're trying to assert something as fact without having the slightest shred of evidence, simply by appealing to a precedent which doesn't really exist.

The US and USSR had no ideological affinity, and in the postwar period, were becoming fast enemies with the onset of the Cold War. The two powers cooperated at Nuremberg but did so in a hands-off manner. The Soviets simply didn't share their investigative reports en masse with the western Allies. The US didn't find the full set of Einsatzgruppen reports until some time after Nuremberg, in fact not long before things like the Truman Doctrine kicked in. By this stage, neither power was cooperating with even simple issues like war crimes suspect extraditions, whereas the US could manage to do this with Poland and Yugoslavia for a little longer, because those states were not (yet) as paranoid as Stalin's Russia.

Ignoring the onset of the Cold War is an automatic fail when discussing the late 1940s.

Are there authenticated originals of these documents available for review?

What on earth do you think historians have been citing all these years? They're in the sodding archives. Where else would they be?

I really can't help it if you are that unable to follow reference trails in footnotes or endnotes and cannot read history books for comprehension.

Have any of these 'mass graves' been excavated?

Um, why do you think I used the term exhumation/investigative reports? The mass graves were excavated precisely when they should have been, immediately after liberation, by the appropriate authorities, the Soviets, whose land had been invaded and whose citizens had been murdered en masse the length and breadth of the Eastern Front. There are many photographs depicting the results of the exhumations, as can be seen here.

The point, which you seem to have missed somewhat, is that the US had documents referring to the same events and same killings, whereas the Soviets had the exhumations and eyewitnesses. The two sets of evidence were independent of each other. So it doesn't matter whether the exhumations meet whatever absurd demands you might make of them because they are corroborated by independent evidence.

And please, stop and think before blethering about the wonderful international investigation of Katyn. An international investigation of a mass grave site was conducted precisely once in the first half of the 20th Century and essentially not at all during the Cold War. Was literally nobody other than the victims of Katyn murdered in a mass execution in all that time? Because if an international investigation is needed then no other atrocity can ever be regarded as proven.

Why should the scientific method account for what the "rest of the world" has been convinced of?

Because the scientific method requires that any claim be substantiated and can be 'repeated' by another investigation achieving the same results, as determined by scientific-academic consensus, safeguarded through institutions such as the peer review system and universities.

The fact is that revisionist 'science' hasn't convinced the relevant judges, academics, and has been rejected. Popular rejection is further confirmation that revisionism has not been convincing. The popular rejection is most vividly demonstrated in the US, where despite the First Amendment and a large percentage of the population believing all manner of hogwash, revisionists amount to a few hundred isolated cranks led by an 80-something failed novelist.

By contrast, the evidence for the Holocaust has demonstrably convinced academics and is generally accepted in society. The academics who have been convinced come from all backgrounds and there is a firm international consensus across multiple disciplines about the Holocaust.

Does one have to disprove every religion before it can be regarded as false?

The thousands of academics who regard the Holocaust as a proven historical fact don't think of this fact as a matter of religion. They consider it in terms of evidence.

So, if a revisionist comes along and says all the witnesses are lying, an academic like me wants to know how it was that the witnesses knew what to say. If it is alleged that the witnesses were influenced in specific ways, then evidence of this must be forthcoming. If it is claimed that witnesses were coached or told what to say, then evidence of this must be forthcoming.

Given that the witnesses agree not only with each other but also with other witnesses making statements in demonstrably independent investigations - in effectively a 'double blind' situation - and also agree with things written down in documents which might well have been found by the other side, i.e. again independently, and also agree with photographic evidence, physical evidence and other forms of evidence, then rather a lot of evidence for your conspiracy theory about all the witnesses lying is needed.

Currently, we have a revisionist "hypothesis" that witnesses are all liars. The "hypothesis" hasn't even been tested against all the evidence. It thus remains unproven, and is wildly improbable for the reasons mentioned above.

If however a revisionist comes along and shows in excruciating detail that there really was a conspiracy to fake the 'story' and provides evidence of how this was done, then revisionism would instantly win numerous converts and might be taken seriously instead of being regarded as a sad, sick joke.

If you are making an initial claim, such as a mass German conspiracy to exterminate all Jews, YOU have the burden of proof. This is common sense.

But that burden of proof has been carried long ago. It was carried in the war crimes investigations. It was carried in many thousands of criminal and civil trials in multiple countries with different legal systems. It has been carried with 10s of 1000s of books written on the subject, and 1000s of dissertations defended in oral examinations/viva voces according to the same prevailing standards as any other dissertation in the relevant discipline. It has been carried every time a peer-reviewed article on the subject appears in a scholarly journal.

The burden of proof is not reset to zero because an anonymous internet denier troll says so.

Revisionists don't claim to know exactly what happened during WWII -- they assert that no evidence has been sustained to support an "extermination plan".

And I've been saying that revisionists can assert this until they are blue in the face, they are not only wrong about their assertion, but the "we can't possibly know what really happened" line is fundamentally unconvincing and essentially an admission of intellectual bankruptcy.

That is why revisionism is such a rip-roaring success that its flagship internet forum has accumulated just over 650 members in 10 years. Worldwide.

Clearly, you just want to kick into touch all the inconvenient issues you cannot explain. That's why you resort to Gish Galloping, which goes down like a lead balloon on a skeptics' forum, and that's why you resort to NO U dodges as we've seen repeatedly above.

That's why revisionists run like vampires from crosses whenever someone asks them 'so what did happen to the Jews then?' The collective inability of revisionists to tell us what DID happen instead of what DID NOT happen is the #1 reason why you fail to make more converts even among those who ignore the fact that deniers are generally a bunch of Hitler-kissing antisemitic conspiraloons.

That's what I'm doing here. I am setting aside the fact that your post contained large dollops of antisemitism, anti-Americanism and pro-Nazi sentiments. I am engaging your belief system as I would any other.

And what I and many others want to know from revisionists are two things:

1) what actually happened
2) how did the world get it so drastically wrong and get hoodwinked.

I and many others want answers to these questions which are detailed, substantiated and convincing. If the answers are detailed, substantiated and convincing then many people would switch sides. If the answers are vague, unsubstantiated and nonsensical then they won't.

It's really as simple as that.

Oh, and please do invite some more CODOH forum members over here. Mild kudos to you, whoever you are, that you showed up. It's been fun. Later.
 
Clearly, because citing a lack of physical evidence isn't a rational argument.
That requires ignoring all the other evidence, such as eyewitness accounts and documentation. And there is plenty of physical evidence.

This is only partly true because "Holocaust deniers" and their social affiliates aren't typically involved in the propaganda industry. Let's take a wild guess at which social group has a disproportionate dominance in this field.
Propaganda isn't the only thing which can poison the minds of youth. Heck, youth have killed each other over shoes.

The name a few: the Katyn Forest Massacre, prior claims of 'gas chambers' in every camp,
That's based on the lay understanding of the events, not the actual historological one.
"steam chambers", evidence of torture in many cases, highly apparent motive.
I have no idea what you're talking about.

Like what?...
Mass graves and serial number tatoos spring to mind. I'm sure Doc Terry can provide more examples than I can.

Why did you only respond to parts of my post? In fact, why did you have to quote-mine a sentence fragment?

...Is it the US Government, the Jewish media bias in the United States and abroad or other anti-German interests?...
The Jews are generally more concerned with the Arabs suicide-bombing their marketplaces these days.

... Perhaps that is because Revisionists tend to admit when a lack of evidence exists rather than make up fairy tales to fill in gaps.
No, they don't. Just a few pages back, Clayton quoted a segment of a wikipedia page that literally said the exact opposite of what he said it did. He simply ignored this, quoted another section of the page, and then abruptly stopped talking about the matter.

This reminds me of why I am not religious; just because we don't know the answers doesn't mean "God did it" any more than it means "extermination plan". Ironically, both of these magical stories are dependent on 'eyewitness testimony'. ...
No, they're not, no matter how much you or anyone else straw mans. I even explicitly stated such, and you had to quote-mine around it.

... I assume you would claim that the opposite cannot be said for Believers. ...
Tu Quoque, ad hominem.

... Really? From what I gather, Revisionists have held steadfast to the same basic assertions: no 'gas chambers',
Amazing. When you responded to me, you mentioned that the common position was that there were gas chambers in all the camps. And since, apparently, the Denier position is that there were none whatsoever, that means, my friend, you've just created a false binary.

nothing close to '6 million' Jewish deaths,
Then how many?

no 'extermination plan'.
False.

Tell me, Mr. Terry, where are these "steam chambers", "skin lampshades" and "human soap"? ...
One thing Deniers are also good at consistently doing is trying to conflate common holocaust myths with actual historological understanding.

It is not a rare occurence for governments to conspire for private gains. You should be well aware of this as a historian.
Composition fallacy; "since governments, ever, have conspired for gain, this must also be an example of such".

Of course, given that plenty of the evidence came from private individuals, this straw man ("all the evidence is from the governments") is moot.

Are there authenticated originals of these documents available for review?
Do you know, or are you just JAQing off?

Have any of these 'mass graves' been excavated?
Yes, and deniers, get this, still questioned them! One was less than a month ago. In fact, they've examined the graves without excavation. It sure is amazing that no government involved in the conspiracy has been willing to sell out the others for advantage in 70 years, huh?

It's also interesting that you never actually answer the question, just imply an answer in vague terms. Because then you would have to actually provide evidence of US/USSR collusion, instead of just implying it.

Why should the scientific method account for what the "rest of the world" has been convinced of? Does one have to disprove every religion before it can be regarded as false?
Straw man. The denier position necessarily requires that the common understanding is at least incorrect. Which requires some sort of explanation as to how.

If you are making an initial claim, such as a mass German conspiracy to exterminate all Jews, YOU have the burden of proof. This is common sense. Revisionists don't claim to know exactly what happened during WWII -- they assert that no evidence has been sustained to support an "extermination plan".
But in doing so, they, by definition, imply the current understanding is at the very least grossly incorrect. Which they have to prove first before advancing the claim that "we don't really know what happened!"

The burden of proof supports the common narrative. Nice try no-claiming, but it's pretty obvious you're dodging and shucking and jiving.
 
There is a two hour documentary on this on the Barnes Review site, titled 'Buchenwald: a Dumb-dumb Portrayal of Evil'. Unfortunately, I do not have permission to post the link here.


My claim is of conflicting material and lack of corroboration.
And my claim is that the "anomalies" don't affect the overall theory in any real way.

Your assertions about scepticism are arbitrary and historically inaccurate. The first sceptic, Sextus Empiricus, in his Outlines of Pyrrhonism, identifies scepticism as a middle way of doubt between the extremes of dogmatism and ignorance, which justifies continuing inquiry. Similarly, Descartes, in his Discourse on Method (1637) uses sceptical doubt as a method of eliminating accumulated falsehood. So the common conception of scepticism includes doubt, though not only that. The problem of a sceptic in this case is to apply the concept of doubt to the case of human testimony. Nick Terry has obviously put a lot of work into this, but I'm not sure how sceptical his methods are.
Do you have any more recent definition of skepticism, as in this century? Because I admit, I may be conflating skepticism with the scientific method, with which it is closely aligned.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticism

Philosophical skepticism is an overall approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence.[3] ... Most[who?] scientists are empirical skeptics, who admit the possibility of knowledge based on evidence, but hold that new evidence may always overturn these findings.​

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skepticism#Scientific_skepticism
A scientific (or empirical) skeptic is one who questions beliefs on the basis of scientific understanding. Most scientists, being scientific skeptics, test the reliability of certain kinds of claims by subjecting them to a systematic investigation using some form of the scientific method.[10] As a result, a number of claims are considered "pseudoscience" if they are found to improperly apply or ignore the fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Scientific skepticism may discard beliefs pertaining to things outside perceivable observation and thus outside the realm of systematic, empirical falsifiability/testability.​


There is a difference between people saying the gas chambers exist and saying they saw them with their own eyes. That distinction greatly reduces the number of witnesses.
Well done. You argued semantics. What is that number, then?

The burden of proof is on people who are saying something historically unprecedented happened. As for implausibility, many atrocity stories are psychologically implausible, for example a ten year-old German girl clapping her hands in delight while babies are thrown into the air and machine-gunned, or people cramming into a room with limited oxygen without panic breaking out and a rush for the door.
Psychology is a "soft science", meaning it's not reliable. It provides insight, but little certainty. Some stories are false, but they should be deemed to be so on a stronger foundation than gussied-up personal incredulity.

Did you consult any books about the psychology of the Nazis? Did you know that victims were usually lied to about the showers? Where has it been said that they were "crammed in with limited oxygen"? (Primary source, please.) They were crammed in on the trains to the camps, and there wasn't as much panic as you seem to be alleging.

Again, you're using a handful of arguably implausible examples to try and discredit all the other examples. People lie on the stand. Should we assume every single person in the witness seat is lying?

But if you want to discuss the psychology, please look up the Milgram Experiment, where ordinary people did illogical things just because an authority figure told them to, which was inspired by your friends and mine the Nazis.

Physical evidence refutes the central gas chamber claims (see the Rudolf Report on Kremas II & III).
Isn't that the one that states they killed tens of thousands of people? And do claims about one chamber mean none existed?

I needn't repeat the evidence of torture and duress in the confessions surely,
I've never heard it. Enlighten me. I'd also like to point out that, again, evidence of coercion on some cases is not evidence of coercion in all. Also, you might want to tell Oskar Schindler and the thousand-odd people he saved he was coerced. Israel might want to be informed; they rather like the chap. Not to mention the shedloads of desertions toward the end of the war.

not to mention several counterexamples of denial by leading Nazis. As for bookkeeping, Raul Hilberg stated in 1985 that there was no budget for the holocaust, so how is bookkeeping relevant?
Sorry, I used the term incorrectly. I meant "the collection of documentation relating to the Holocaust". Of course, even without a budget, the salaries had to be paid, supplies had to be bought, etc.

Large numbers of witnesses who corroborate each other are of good value, especially when they corroborate each other and other evidence.
 
The camps were not constructed after the war was won

You're proving my point. There's no reason to make propaganda about an enemy you've already defeated.

though there is strong evidence that Krema I at Auschwitz was altered after the war to give the appearance of a gas chamber.

I'm sure a lot of people would be interested to see that evidence if you have it.

The emaciated victims in 1945 were found mostly in the Western camps, which were not part of the holocaust, if this occurred.

I'm not sure I can parse this sentence. Would you care to a) explain yourself and b) support your claim ?
 
I'm sure a lot of people would be interested to see that evidence if you have it.
Actually, this is correct as far as it goes -- but as with a lot of denier assertions leaves out some important details.

Krema I started as a homicidal facility, but the construction of later facilities made this use obsolete, so the Nazis turned it into an air raid shelter with appropriate modifications

After the war, it was restored to the former configuration, and so was technically altered to give the appearance of a gas chamber -- as it was originally used.

Etienne has dishonestly left that last detail out.
 
The camps were not constructed after the war was won, though there is strong evidence that Krema I at Auschwitz was altered after the war to give the appearance of a gas chamber.

you mean that it was converted back from the air raid shelter the Nazis built in 1944, for museum purposes

Several camps were kept open for many years by the Soviets after the war, e.g. Buchenwald and many Germans died there.

Indeed. Nobody has a problem with acknowledging this. Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen have museums which deal with both phases. Dachau became a US internment camp and Belsen a Displaced Persons Camp. The point Belz made still stands, neither the Allies nor the Soviets faked the camps.

The emaciated victims in 1945 were found mostly in the Western camps, which were not part of the holocaust, if this occurred.

The Soviets also liberated emaciated prisoners in the camps in the east. The Soviet film footage of the liberation of Auschwitz tells a pretty clear story.

And the emaciated prisoners in Belsen and elsewhere certainly were part of the Holocaust as it is conventionally understood and defined. The death marches and 'dumping ground camps' like Belsen were the last phase of the Holocaust, killing many 10s of 1000s of Jews and many 10s of 1000s of non-Jews. This phase came after the suspension of the Final Solution, but the Holocaust was not identical to the Final Solution and is used to describe the entire epoch.
 
There's no reason to make propaganda about an enemy you've already defeated.

That might be the case for a dynastic or commercial war, but WW2 was in part, perhaps predominantly, an ideological war between fascism, communism and liberal democracy. There were strong reasons to vilify the Germans from the Soviet side, for example, in order to discredit the 'bourgeois nationalists' in the then regions, and reinforce communist ideology. The western allies had to justify the policy of unconditional surrender that prolonged the war and the righteousness of their own cause. There were emerging Zionist interests who wished to create a Jewish state in the Middle East. In addition, popular feeling was a force that it would be hard for political leaders to resist. This does not show that propaganda was at work, but it is not correct that there were no motives to show the Germans in a bad light.


I'm sure a lot of people would be interested to see that evidence [that Krema I at Auschwitz was altered after the war] if you have it.

Francizsek Piper, former director of the Auschwitz state museum, states this in a filmed video with David Cole that is available on the Barnes Review website. He states that the building was converted into an air raid shelter late in the war and then reconverted after the war. Robert Faurrisson claims to have seen the plans on site and that they were for a morgue. He shows the plans on an easily available online video. I don't think the post-war alterations are under dispute, but perhaps I'm wrong. It is apparent to the eye that the large brick chimney behind the building is not connected to the crematory ovens inside.


I'm not sure I can parse this sentence [that emaciated victims in 1945 were found mostly in the Western camps, which were not part of the holocaust]. Would you care to a) explain yourself and b) support your claim ?

The large scale massacres of the holocaust occurred in the gas chambers at Auschwitz, Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka and in the 'holocaust by bullets' shootings further east. Bergen-Belsen on the other hand is in Germany proper, not in Poland. A widely shown film of corpses and emaciated survivors was taken at Bergen-Belsen, partly by Richard Dimbleby, father of two famous BBC TV presenters. This situation was the result of the food and sanitary situation at the end of the war and the decision of the SS Commander to segregate the inmates from the general population for fear of typhus spreading to the general population.

As for evidence, there is a long film on the Western camps, Buchenwald, a dumb-dumb Portrayal of Evil, available on the Barnes Review site that cites sources. I do not have permission to link to it here, but it is not hard to track it down via google.
 
http://endzog.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/holohoax-steven-spielberg-exposed/ Steven Spielberg is exposed as a liar in this documentary LAST DAYS OF THE BIG LIE. There is no forensic evidence presented only hearsay and conjecture. Bear in mind if you question these lies in Germany, France, Poland and other countries you can go to jail under their "holocaust denial" laws. www.ihr.org/news/irving022006.html They must be hiding something to not allow a debate! The holocaust propaganda is full of holes!
 
Clearly, because citing a lack of physical evidence isn't a rational argument.

No. Because there is no lack of evidence, physical or otherwise.

This is only partly true because "Holocaust deniers" and their social affiliates aren't typically involved in the propaganda industry. Let's take a wild guess at which social group has a disproportionate dominance in this field.

This is just laughably wrong. Holocaust deniers do nothing but propaganda.
 
Clearly, because citing a lack of physical evidence isn't a rational argument.

Good thing that there is a multiplicity of physical, documentary and testimentary evidence.


[quoteThis is only partly true because "Holocaust deniers" and their social affiliates aren't typically involved in the propaganda industry. Let's take a wild guess at which social group has a disproportionate dominance in this field.[/quote]

Nice try at poisioning the well. I'll guess nominal Christians of North European extraction for $300 Alex. the propagandists you may be thinking of are Dr. Goebbels - Minister of Propaganda, and most of the media moguls - who in the North America and the UK seem to be of British origin - Randolph Hearst, Lord Beaverbrook, Conrad Black, Rupert Murdoch. But if you mean some other group you'll need to be much more explicit and actually provide, what's that called again, oh yes, evidence.


The name a few: the Katyn Forest Massacre, prior claims of 'gas chambers' in every camp, "steam chambers", evidence of torture in many cases, highly apparent motive.

Waht motive - at the end of WWII the average Soviet citizen didn't need additional reasons to dispise the Germans, accusing them of false atrocities wasn't going to make the Soviets fight harder, and the Western soldiers certainly didn't care for Adolph and the boys either. Not to mention that none of what you are citing there actually made it into any offical legal cases, history books, etc.

During WWII Germany "ausrottung" was more closely defined as "uprooting", for which I can provide several examples. This changes the the perceived context of the Posen speech. According to Dr. Wilhelm Staeglich, the speech in Sonthofen given by Himmler:

"refers to the execution of Jews only in connection with the fight against partisans and other bandits operating behind the German lines on the eastern front."

No, ausrottung translates as extermination and always has. And of course a mistranslation is going to change the context of a speech - good thing that a proper translation ensures that we can get the full horror of what the former chicken farmer was saying:

Original
Es trat an uns die Frage heran: Wie ist es mit den Frauen und Kindern? Ich habe mich entschlossen, auch hier eine ganz klare Lösung zu finden. Ich hielt mich nämlich nicht für berechtigt, die Männer auszurotten- sprich also, umzubringen oder umbringen zu lassen - und die Rächer in Gestalt der Kinder für unsere Söhne und Enkel groß werden zu lassen. Es mußte der schwere Entschluß gefaßt werden, dieses Volk von der Erde verschwinden zu lassen.

Translation

We came to the question: How is it with the women and children? I decided to find a clear solution here as well. I did not consider myself justified to exterminate the men - in other words, to kill them or have them killed - and allow the avengers of our sons and grandsons in the form of their children to grow up. The difficult decision had to be taken to make this people disappear from the earth.

Regarding any reference to 'genocide':

"Even these excerpts — Peterson and Smith [publishers] do not give the whole texts of the speeches — must be regarded with skepticism, for they were taken from documents that are manifestly unreliable. In both of these cases, there are elements that strongly suggest a manipulation of text or forgery."

If you don't want to read the exerpts you can read the whole text in the International Military Tribunal's transcripts, where Untersturmfurher Wenn's transcription of the recording is found (which was signed off by Himmler) and also his notes for the second speech

There is one revealing question about all of these proclaimed speeches:
If Himmler successfully ordered the destruction of 'incriminating evidence' pertaining to Jewish extermination, how would he forget about his own speeches? Why would he speak openly and on-record to an audience of thousands over an issue that was allegedly "so secret" that code names, verbal orders and an overwhelming lack of documentation was necessary?

While the full extent of the Holocaust was not talked of openly to the German people, the high Nazi and SS leadership were certainly well aware of what was going on. Secondly, this was to small groups - 50 -100 pers and can be seen more of as a motivational speech - "look at what we've done already, we only have to keep at it and we can win".


On that note, how many have heard of the Allied concentration camps in which more than 750,000 Germans were murdered post-war? Since negation of this event can be shown, who has been the negationist?

You are referring to POW camps here - semantic difference. German casualties in WWII were throughly researched by the German government in the 50s and again by Dr. Overman in 2000 after unificiation and the fall of communism allowed a through examination of Soviet sources. His report is quite detailed and Wikipedia has a decent summary of it. Some of the losses mentioned by Mr. Basque in his book were the result of the French government accepting "volunteers" for the Forgein Legion and its colonial wars, and others are the result of shoody record keeping. You may note that Dr. Overman feels the Basque book is not well researched and its allegations unfounded.

Is it the US Government, the Jewish media bias in the United States and abroad or other anti-German interests? If so, doesn't that show these organizations are willing to lie? What does that say about 'the Holocaust', in general?

Care to actually prove your example of bias? And the anti-German interests? What organizations are you refering to?

Perhaps that is because Revisionists tend to admit when a lack of evidence exists rather than make up fairy tales to fill in gaps.

Go on, tell me another one.

This reminds me of why I am not religious; just because we don't know the answers doesn't mean "God did it" any more than it means "extermination plan". Ironically, both of these magical stories are dependent on 'eyewitness testimony'.

While your religious predilictions are noted, you still have to deal with the contents of the Bundesarchiv, the Russian archives and the information held in the US, UK and other national archives, plus the physical evidence. Oh yes, and the testimonies of witnesses, victims and perpetrators that corroborate each other, and are backed up by other evidence.


It is not a rare occurence for governments to conspire for private gains. You should be well aware of this as a historian. Are there authenticated originals of these documents available for review? Have any of these 'mass graves' been excavated?

What did the Western Allies and the Soviets have to gain - the populations of both areas were definitely anti-German (invasions, indescriminate bombings etc are prone to cause this), and by late 1944 their victory was already inevitable. If you want to view the original documents I would suggest you go to the Bundesarchiv and ask. After you're cleared you should be able to look to your hearts content.

Why should the scientific method account for what the "rest of the world" has been convinced of? Does one have to disprove every religion before it can be regarded as false? If you are making an initial claim, such as a mass German conspiracy to exterminate all Jews, YOU have the burden of proof. This is common sense. Revisionists don't claim to know exactly what happened during WWII -- they assert that no evidence has been sustained to support an "extermination plan".

And they have the burden of proof to deal with the evidence presented - the German documents, the physical evidence of the camps, the mass graves, etc. The testimonial evidence of the perpetrators, etc. Oh, and the rather disproportionate casualties taken by the Jewish and Romani ethnic groups during WWII when compared to the balance of their states.
 
That might be the case for a dynastic or commercial war, but WW2 was in part, perhaps predominantly, an ideological war between fascism, communism and liberal democracy.

On the side of the Germans, the war seemed to be sold on ideology, sure. But considering the reasons for the USA and USSR to enter the war, I'd like to see some solid argument for that by you. Thing is, we're talking after the war. A LOT after the war.

Francizsek Piper, former director of the Auschwitz state museum, states this in a filmed video with David Cole that is available on the Barnes Review website. He states that the building was converted into an air raid shelter late in the war and then reconverted after the war.

You need to show that this was done for propaganda purposes. See TSR's post.

This situation was the result of the food and sanitary situation at the end of the war and the decision of the SS Commander to segregate the inmates from the general population for fear of typhus spreading to the general population.

So ?
 
Do you have any more recent definition of skepticism, as in this century? Because I admit, I may be conflating skepticism with the scientific method, with which it is closely aligned.

[from Wikipedia] Philosophical skepticism is an overall approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence.[3] ... Most[who?] scientists are empirical skeptics, who admit the possibility of knowledge based on evidence, but hold that new evidence may always overturn these findings.​
A scientific (or empirical) skeptic is one who questions beliefs on the basis of scientific understanding. Most scientists, being scientific skeptics, test the reliability of certain kinds of claims by subjecting them to a systematic investigation using some form of the scientific method.[10] As a result, a number of claims are considered "pseudoscience" if they are found to improperly apply or ignore the fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Scientific skepticism may discard beliefs pertaining to things outside perceivable observation and thus outside the realm of systematic, empirical falsifiability/testability.​

A redefinition of a word with such an time-honoured meaning would have little authority. Your main point here seems to be scientific method. I would debate whether there is such a thing as a single scientific method applicable a priori to any subject. How would we know in advance that it was appropriate? The eccentric philosopher of science Feyerabend argues this in his Against Method (1975). In addition, the centrality of human testimony and motive in history raises distinct problems. However, I doubt if there would be any serious disagreement between us on methods of inquiry or evidence.

Well done. You argued semantics. What is that number, then [of gas chamber eye-witnesses]?

Nick Terry says "The number of direct witnesses is in the many hundreds" [post 5395], with thousands or tens of thousands of "indirect" witnesses and "approaching hundreds" (i.e. under 200 presumably) written documents from 1942-44, whether from eye-witnesses or others is not clear.


Psychology is a "soft science", meaning it's not reliable. It provides insight, but little certainty. Some stories are false, but they should be deemed to be so on a stronger foundation than gussied-up personal incredulity.

Did you consult any books about the psychology of the Nazis? Did you know that victims were usually lied to about the showers? Where has it been said that they were "crammed in with limited oxygen"? (Primary source, please.) They were crammed in on the trains to the camps, and there wasn't as much panic as you seem to be alleging.

Again, you're using a handful of arguably implausible examples to try and discredit all the other examples. People lie on the stand. Should we assume every single person in the witness seat is lying?

I was not trying to generalise, merely give examples, as you asked what I thought was implausible about atrocity tales. Yes, psychology is a soft science, but history relies at least on an intuitive folk-psychology to judge plausibility. So if there is no psychological certainty to be had, you virtually concede the argument. I have some familiarity with the psychologist Gilbert's book based on Nuremberg, but that is perhaps not what you are thinking of.

I am aware that it is said that witnesses were lied to about the showers, Hoess said that they were lied to at Auschwitz, but not at the Aktion Reinhard camps. However, as I discount his whole narrative, I can hardly rely on it. The Sonderkommando Dario Gabbai said in the 2006 BBC documentary Auschwitz that 2,500 people were crammed into Leichenkeller 2 at Krema 2, which would make it filled to capacity. The train comparison may weaken the case.


But if you want to discuss the psychology, please look up the Milgram Experiment, where ordinary people did illogical things just because an authority figure told them to, which was inspired by your friends and mine the Nazis.

According to Milgram, around 20% of people would carry out a potentially lethal instruction, but the holocaust is beyond the extreme edge of military psychology in many ways. In addition, I am not aware of holocaust historians consulting military psychology and testing the plausibility of their narratives against it. Perhaps this is because what is alleged is so unprecedented. I am aware that we have the capacity to kill, but even in warfare this is often checked.


Isn't that the one that states they killed tens of thousands of people? And do claims about one chamber mean none existed?

Yes, and no, but several of the main surviving alleged chambers have been investigated.


I've never heard it [evidence of torture]. Enlighten me. I'd also like to point out that, again, evidence of coercion on some cases is not evidence of coercion in all. Also, you might want to tell Oskar Schindler and the thousand-odd people he saved he was coerced. Israel might want to be informed; they rather like the chap. Not to mention the shedloads of desertions toward the end of the war.

This really surprises me. Over 15,000 posts on this thread and no-one has brought this up? OK, but first you have to bear in mind that Article 19 of the Protocols of the International Military Tribunal states that "The Tribunal shall not be bound by technical rules of evidence." and article 21 states that "The Tribunal shall not require proof of facts of common knowledge but shall take judicial notice thereof." In other words, the rules of evidence that exist to protect defendants, such as the Birmingham Six, did not apply at Nuremberg. Bearing that in mind, this is from English defence lawyer Louis Paget's Manstein: his Campaigns and Trial (London: Collins, 1951), describing his conduct of Manstein's defence:
"Then we tried to get the witnesses before the court so that we could cross-examine. Both these applications were refused. Then I attempted to discredit their testimony by producing a report made by an American Commission of Inquiry into the methods used by the American investigation in war crime trials. This commission, consisting of Judges Simpson and Van Raden, and Colonel Laurenzen had reported among other things that of the 139 cases they had investigated, 137 had had their testicles permanently destroyed by kicks received from the American War Crimes Investigation team." (page 109)​
Prosecution evidence was withdrawn before the matter was settled. In the case of Hoess, we have an interview with one of his interrogators in Legions of Death (1983). 137 out of 139 is pretty damn close to all.


Large numbers of witnesses who corroborate each other are of good value, especially when they corroborate each other and other evidence.

I've no problem with that general statement.
 
Actually, this is correct as far as it goes -- but as with a lot of denier assertions leaves out some important details.

Krema I started as a homicidal facility, but the construction of later facilities made this use obsolete, so the Nazis turned it into an air raid shelter with appropriate modifications

After the war, it was restored to the former configuration, and so was technically altered to give the appearance of a gas chamber -- as it was originally used.

Etienne has dishonestly left that last detail out.

You are too quick to allege dishonesty. The original plans for that room in the building, as I have stated above with sources, indicate that it was originally a morgue (it is called "Leichenkeller"). The buildings were altered after the war on the basis of eye-witness testimony to look like a gas chamber. This seems to be conceded. You have to explain why we should prefer the eye-witness testimony to the written plans of the people who constructed the building.
 
A redefinition of a word with such an time-honoured meaning would have little authority.
So you'll use the definition you prefer rather than the one in common usage. Got it.

Your main point here seems to be scientific method. I would debate whether there is such a thing as a single scientific method applicable a priori to any subject.
Oh wow. You're trying to muddy the waters by making broad generalizations, instead of discussing the actual subject.

How would we know in advance that it was appropriate? The eccentric philosopher of science Feyerabend argues this in his Against Method (1975). In addition, the centrality of human testimony and motive in history raises distinct problems. However, I doubt if there would be any serious disagreement between us on methods of inquiry or evidence.
If only historians accounted for all those things.

Oh, wait, they do.

Nick Terry says "The number of direct witnesses is in the many hundreds" [post 5395], with thousands or tens of thousands of "indirect" witnesses and "approaching hundreds" (i.e. under 200 presumably) written documents from 1942-44, whether from eye-witnesses or others is not clear.

I was not trying to generalise, merely give examples, as you asked what I thought was implausible about atrocity tales. Yes, psychology is a soft science, but history relies at least on an intuitive folk-psychology to judge plausibility.
No, it relies on corroboration, generally. The more corroboration an apparent fact has, the greater value as evidence. Really, you have a Doctor of history in this very thread.

So if there is no psychological certainty to be had, you virtually concede the argument.
If only there were sources other than eyewitnesses which were considered evidence.

Oh, wait.

I have some familiarity with the psychologist Gilbert's book based on Nuremberg, but that is perhaps not what you are thinking of.

I am aware that it is said that witnesses were lied to about the showers, Hoess said that they were lied to at Auschwitz, but not at the Aktion Reinhard camps. However, as I discount his whole narrative, I can hardly rely on it. The Sonderkommando Dario Gabbai said in the 2006 BBC documentary Auschwitz that 2,500 people were crammed into Leichenkeller 2 at Krema 2, which would make it filled to capacity. The train comparison may weaken the case.
Why? It shows that prisoners were being crammed into small spaces other than the showers without the panicked rush you describe. And that was before months of ill-treatment.

According to Milgram, around 20% of people would carry out a potentially lethal instruction, but the holocaust is beyond the extreme edge of military psychology in many ways.
Not really. People do horrible things, if properly conditioned. Look up the use of operant conditioning from WW2 to the present.

In addition, I am not aware of holocaust historians consulting military psychology and testing the plausibility of their narratives against it. Perhaps this is because what is alleged is so unprecedented. I am aware that we have the capacity to kill, but even in warfare this is often checked.
This wasn't warfare. This was attempted genocide.

It seems to me that you're coming at this backward; you're taking the claims and deciding they were psychologically unlikely, instead of determining whether the Nazis did what they claimed. If they did what they claimed, then obviously they were psychologically capable of it.

Yes, and no, but several of the main surviving alleged chambers have been investigated.

This really surprises me. Over 15,000 posts on this thread and no-one has brought this up?
No, I said I hadn't heard of it. Me. Personally.

OK, but first you have to bear in mind that Article 19 of the Protocols of the International Military Tribunal states that "The Tribunal shall not be bound by technical rules of evidence." and article 21 states that "The Tribunal shall not require proof of facts of common knowledge but shall take judicial notice thereof." In other words, the rules of evidence that exist to protect defendants, such as the Birmingham Six, did not apply at Nuremberg. Bearing that in mind, this is from English defence lawyer Louis Paget's Manstein: his Campaigns and Trial (London: Collins, 1951), describing his conduct of Manstein's defence:
"Then we tried to get the witnesses before the court so that we could cross-examine. Both these applications were refused. Then I attempted to discredit their testimony by producing a report made by an American Commission of Inquiry into the methods used by the American investigation in war crime trials. This commission, consisting of Judges Simpson and Van Raden, and Colonel Laurenzen had reported among other things that of the 139 cases they had investigated, 137 had had their testicles permanently destroyed by kicks received from the American War Crimes Investigation team." (page 109)​
Prosecution evidence was withdrawn before the matter was settled. In the case of Hoess, we have an interview with one of his interrogators in Legions of Death (1983). 137 out of 139 is pretty damn close to all.
The problem is, there was plenty of evidence other than the testimony, as has been pointed out repeatedly.

Was there any corroboration to this claim? Were all of these men witnesses? What evidence is there that the abuse was directly related to coercion of testimony, and not just plain ol' prisoner abuse, like the Gitmo scandal?

I've no problem with that general statement.
 
The 100 million figure originated in the Black Book of Communism by Stéphane Courtois, and includes Mao, etc, etc. It is thus not wholly groundless, however mangled.

Solzhenitsyn was the first to use '100 million' and applied it exclusively to the USSR, which is a remorseless exaggeration. He also contradicted himself about the number sometimes in the same text. When this figure is repeated whether inspired by Solzhenitsyn or the Black Book of Communism, the telling point is how standards of evidence suddenly evaporate, which becomes thoroughly hypocritical when the same people going on about '100 million victims of Bolshevism' are almost invariably Holocaust deniers.

I have copies of Martin Gilbert's Holocaust (1985) and Raul Hilberg's Destruction of the European Jews (student edition) to hand. Hilberg incidentally, expresses just the preference for detail and has the weak explanatory structure that you criticise Mattogno for.

The student edition of Hilberg is drastically abridged and not recommended; the full editions (1961, 1985 and 2003) are properly footnoted whereas the student edition's references are truncated.

Hilberg's structure has been criticised, but the criticisms are of a different order of magnitude to the problems with Mattogno's poor structuring. Hilberg after all wrote what was originally a single comprehensive volume on the entire subject. He then revised it twice in later editions.

Mattogno cannot even write a single book about the Aktion Reinhard camps but instead wrote three separate books, and has put out a series of highly repetitive short brochures and some longer books about Auschwitz. Within these books, Mattogno separates documents from witnesses and from other forms of evidence. It should be obvious that nearly every single history book no matter what the subject does not separate out forms of evidence but discusses them together.

I have read William Shirer's Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Rassinier's Lies of Ulysses, Juergen Graf's Giant with Feet of Clay (on Hilberg), Goldhagen's Willing Executioners (which has the merit of raising the question of motive), Ulrich Herbert's (ed.) National Socialist Extermination Policies. For the war crimes trials I have R W Cooper's the Nuremberg Trial and Louis Paget's Manstein: his Campaigns and his Trial. Mostly I have interpretative literature, e.g. Nolte's 1963 book on Fascism, Twisted Path to Auschwitz (the first 'functionalist' book), Norman Cohn's Warrant for Genocide, Richard Weikert's From Darwin to Hitler, ], a book of selections from the Historikerstreit, a great many books from the 1930s and 1940s. I could go on. I am most interested in the literature of the era rather than later reconstructions. I found Kevin Macdonald's trilogy culminating in Culture of Critique (1994) helpful in giving me an intuitive idea of anti-semitism, but also know older material, e.g. Drumont's La France juive, Chamberlain's Foundations, none of which really explains the degree of hatred that would be necessary. And lest I forget, Mein Kampf.

About the only book you mentioned above which contains modern scholarship is the collection edited by Ulrich Herbert, National Socialist Extermination Policies. Each of the contributors, who were all German scholars taking part in a conference in the mid-1990s, has written one or more monographs in German on their topics.

I'm really unsure how Kevin Macdonald could be considered a historian of the Holocaust. While it's interesting to see you admit to reading antisemitic literature, it doesn't exactly boost your credibility that you name such works rather than other modern histories of the Holocaust.

The point being that perhaps this clearing of the smoke has yet to be done for WW2. We are still living fearfully in its shadow.

WWII is pretty much the most written about subject on the planet. Every time another scholarly study is done, we learn more and the "smoke" clears. Hilberg, after all, debunked 'Jewish soap' 51 years ago.

Firstly, here we have the tired old leftist cliche of "the mask", implying that only the Left is genuinely human and everyone else a class-ridden ideologist. How quaint!

Saying that Mattogno's mask slips on occasion is an accurate comment on his style of presentation and the milieu he clearly inhabits. For the most part, Mattogno eschews obvious antisemitic slurs, but he does make them, and he has also written separate pieces which only an antisemite could possibly conjure up, such as a contorted 'reading' of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.

Meanwhile, Mattogno publishes his books through houses such as The Barnes Review in the US, which is the publishing arm of Willis Carto's organisation, i.e. the outlet for the #1 antisemitic propaganda outfit in the United States, and several neo-fascist houses in Italy, who also publish antisemitica including antisemitic works by Mattogno's brother. As mentioned already, Mattogno has co-authored numerous books with Juergen Graf, who is thoroughly unable to restrain his antisemitism in his writings.

In addition, one might note that Mattogno's writings have very nearly exclusively focused on the Jewish Holocaust at the expense of studying Nazi atrocities against non-Jews, and the core claim in all of his writings from 1985 to 2012 is that there was no genocide of European Jews. Unlike the mainstream historians whose work is summarised in Ulrich Herbert (ed), National Socialist Extermination Policies, Mattogno has very little nothing to say about other Nazi crimes.

We were, in case you forgot, discussing why Mattogno's work might not have much chance of appealing to or convincing academics. The fact is that all the above evidence places Mattogno in extremely dubious, non-credible company and he has also made enough antisemitic remarks of his own that if he claims not to be an antisemite, the answer will be 'pull the other one'.

By the way, 'the mask slips' was a very common Nazi antisemitic cliche. I don't think it is an especially 'leftist' catchphrase, and I am not a 'leftist' anyway.

Secondly, the recovery of intellectual confidence by the radical right has been the main intellectual event I have come across this century, particularly its engagement with evolutionary psychology, according to which inter-ethnic competition and the shaping of culture by ethnic agendas is to be expected. To my mind, some in the academic community would be better employed taming these ideas rather than enforcing a blank-slate view of the mind that is at odds with the known facts of human nature.

What you have omitted is that the intellectuals on the radical right have almost all distanced themselves from Holocaust revisionism. Kevin Macdonald has done so publicly, as have many other acolytes of his. Meanwhile, other 'new right' gurus have distanced themselves from monocausal antisemitism. The 'radical right' is thoroughly split ideologically and intellectually.

There is not much to write home about with Kevin Macdonald's work; he is a psychologist playing out of his depth by writing about history without really engaging with the relevant scholarship or historical context. The 'Frankfurt School' meme also echoed by Buchanan and other right-wingers in Germany is particularly risible and totally reductive. KMac's work shows a strong sign of confirmation bias: by studying only Jews, he fails to account for all other possible influences or explanations.

Well, I will wait and see what Mattogno has to say about that in 2014. It would be unwieldy to add to the other reply to what you have already said, so I will stop here for now.

Whatever Mattogno, Graf and Kues produce in 2014 cannot possibly be a comprehensive study of the literature and sources on the Holocaust in the Soviet Union. The volume of material is too great, and the starting-knowledge of the three authors is demonstrably appalling.

They will also have to admit to numerous mistakes made on this subject in previous writings - Graf's entire chapter on 'the Einsatzgruppen' in The Giant With Feet of Clay is a string of misrepresentations and misunderstandings, while Mattogno's chapter on the Einsatzgruppen in Treblinka is also full of absolute howlers and basic errors.
 
As for bookkeeping, Raul Hilberg stated in 1985 that there was no budget for the holocaust, so how is bookkeeping relevant?

It was fairly clear that record-keeping was meant, but the absence of an overall budget doesn't mean that there are no accounts or financial records which are probative of genocide.

A moment's reflection should indicate why there would be no overall budget: because the National Socialist state was at war while occupying multiple separate countries which each had their own exchequers and currencies. Even if one looks only at the Reichsmark zone of Greater Germany, then one finds that financial budget-planning went out the window; as Schwerin von Krosigk stated in 1942, the attitude that 'Geld spielt keine Rolle' (money is no object would be an equivalent phrase) was almost universal across the many different Party and State agencies.

Moreover, the Final Solution was carried out by the SS/Police apparatus in conjunction with other agencies, each of which had its own budgets, but this becomes vastly multiplied because the SS agencies operated in foreign countries and thus the fiscal oversight was devolved away from a central ministry. The SS/Police also carried out numerous other tasks to the point where there were exceedingly few units whose exclusive task it was to deal with the Final Solution.

What this means is that the precise costings were effectively lost in very large Police budgets which were appropriated locally against occupation costs in most cases, expenditures being offloaded onto the exchequers or the currency valuations of foreign countries.

For example, in the Generalgouvernement of Poland, the SS/Police demanded occupation costs totalling 755 million RM between 1940 and 1944, with the 1942 demand coming to 185 million RM. In the same year, police costs in the Ostland and Ukraine totalled 476 million RM. These sums paid for salaries, administration and a certain amount of the construction expenses. However, construction was carried out by what amounted to a Waffen-SS agency, which may not necessarily have been accounted for in the above figures.

It's well known that Globocnik reported costs of the Aktion Reinhard camps as 11 million RM in his final 'balance sheet', but this probably didn't include the salaries of the SS men stationed in the camps since they continued to be paid out of T4 in Berlin, and thus out of what were essentially 'slush funds' from a budgetary perspective.

As Globocnik was SSPF Lublin, he was fiscally responsible to the HSSPF in Krakow, who participated in the collective 'budgetary' process of the Generalgouvernement by demanding occupation costs which in turn were then paid out by the bank of emission in occupied Poland, essentially by printing money, which casued a very high rate of inflation. The rate of inflation in turn eroded military or SS purchasing power - in other territories the Wehrmacht ended up paying for locally produced goods at vastly greater expense measured by the exchange rate than if they had shipped the same goods from Germany.

Meanwhile, the Ostbahn charged for the transport costs of shipping Jews to the camps, and charged the SS for freight costs removing stolen property from the camps. The charges for deportations seem to have been absorbed by the civil administration, which levied its own occupation costs and also oversaw the Ostbahn, which was tantamount to a seller of services as a state monopoly transport business. So no one agency was even in a position to be charged for all costs relating to the entire process.

The SS collected valuables but also charged private companies for the use of slave labour in the same region, eg Heinkel's works in Budzyn was staffed by several thousand Jewish forced labourers, guarded by the SS, who demanded payment. Some of the money went towards offsetting local costs in Poland, but the valuables were shipped back to Germany and absorbed into the Reich's coffers.

Actual accounts can be very good evidence . The bank account records of Sonderkommando Kulmhof, i.e. the SS unit running the death camp of Chelmno, survived the war. They reveal large payments of valuables into the account, i.e. robbed from victims, but also large payments for items like tons and tons of quicklime.

The same can be said for supply records, even without costs. HSSPF Russland-Sued took delivery of 100s of 1000s of rounds of ammunition on several occasions immediately prior to major mass executions, including Babi Yar, during 1941, leaving a trace in the quartermaster records of Army Group South. The timing immediately before a mass shooting is rather telling. The obvious inferences are no different to the inferences drawn by other historians or even forensic accountants regarding other sets of records, books, accounts or statistics. In neither case are the bank or supply records the only sources available, but they add confirmation from a different angle.
 
There is a difference between people saying the gas chambers exist and saying they saw them with their own eyes. That distinction greatly reduces the number of witnesses.

Unfortunately for you and revisionism, it's really not as simple as that. 1000s of Auschwitz inmates and guards saw with their own eyes how weak, sick and exhausted Jews were selected from individual blocks or camp sectors (BIa, BIb, BIIa etc) and taken to barracks (like Block 25 or Block 7) to await transfer to the crematoria. These 1000s of witnesses all saw something which is perfectly probative, even if they never set foot inside the crematoria themselves.

The same group of witnesses could observe smoke rising and note the addition of the open-air pyres in 1944, and smell what was going on, even without an immediate line of sight.

Probably 1000s of Birkenau inmates either worked in close proximity to the crematoria, as was the case for the Kanadakommando in 'Kanada II', right next to Kremas IV and V, or had some line-of-sight observation of the crematoria. They could see people filing in and not come out; they could observe SS men throwing in Zyklon through the holes in side-walls (Kremas IV, V) or roof (Kremas II, III). That too is powerfully probative even if these witnesses never set foot inside the crematoria. There are quite a lot of such witnesses.

Quite a few witnesses also had secret contacts with the Sonderkommandos, who lived until spring 1944 in a sealed off block within the men's camp. The very fact that the crematorium squad's barracks was fenced in and guarded was a bit of a give-away. Nonetheless there were enough contacts that inmates received valuables and goods passed on by the Sonderkommandos as aid or traded, and thus we get witnesses who report on the names of specific Sonderkommandos which confirm what we know from the Sonderkommandos themselves.

So, no, the number of witnesses with directly probative statements isn't greatly reduced.
 
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