References:
Holocaust Controversies
Charles D Provan, Kurt Gerstein And The Capacity Of The Gas Chamber At Belzec
Charles A Bay, Appendix D - Ash Disposal and Burial Pits (Continued)
HISTORY IN IMAGES - Poland Under German Occupation And Warsaw Ghetto
The ratio's in the drawing - Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man
Body Mass Index - The BMI formula
Hack(ed) writing:
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka - Holocaust Denial and Operation Reinhard
Holocaust Controversies
By Jonathan Harrison, Roberto Muehlenkamp, Jason Myers, Sergey Romanov, Nicholas Terry
Chapter 7
Mass Graves
This chapter starts with a presentation of what is known about the mass graves at these four camps, mainly from forensic and archaeological investigations, (...) [p. 382] A detailed archaeological investigation, conducted in 1997-1999 by archaeologist Prof. Andrzej Kola of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland, led to the discovery, approximate measurement, and establishment of the contents of 33 mass graves in the Belzec area. (...)
Capacity of the Graves
(...) Jews of Poland were about three inches shorter than the average German. 1.68 meters equal 66 inches, so if the Jews of Poland were about three inches smaller than the average German, according to Provan's source Dr. von Verschuer, their average height was 63 inches or 1.60 meters. (...) According to the Body Measurement Index table [104], a person with a height of 1.60 meters is underweight at 38 to 48 kg. Assuming that the average weight of adult Jews in Polish ghettos at the time was in between the upper and the lower value of what the BMI table considers underweight, it would be (38+48) ÷ 2 = 43 kg. (...) [p. 417]
(...) This relation would mean a weight of 43 ÷ 2.76 = 15.6 kg for ill-fed or starving children in Polish ghettos. Rounding up the latter value, a group of two adults and one child 14 years and younger from a Jewish ghetto in Poland would thus weigh (43+43+16)/3 = 34 kg on average, (...)
(...) Alex Bay [106] calculated the space that would be occupied by a human being having the measurements of proportions of Leonardo Da Vinci's "Vetruvian Man", and concluded that 91,000 corpses with the proportions of the "Vetruvian Man" and an assumed height of 68 inches (1.73 meters) could have fit into 8,502 cubic meters of grave space - 10.7 (11) per cubic meter. (...)
To determine (...) estimate the volume displaced by a cadaver (...) the proportions of the body come from DaVinci's drawing of the so called Vetruvian Man (...) The man's statures was assumed to be 68 inches. (...) metric of 3.3 cubic feet as the displacement of the ideal man, (...) the pit (...) total volume would be 8502 cubic meters, or 300,000 cubic feet. Filled to the brim, the grave would hold about N bodies the size of the ideal man:
N = 300,000/3.3 = 91,000
1/10.7m^-3 = 0.09346 m^3
(...) The ideal weight of a person 1.73 meters high would be 66 kg for men and 62 kg for women. Taking the lower value, 10.7 human bodies with the measurements and weight of an ideal adult person 1.73 meters high would have a weight of 10.7 x 62 = 663.40 kg (...)
Charles A Bay emphasized that his hypothetical “Vetruvian” model was male. Assigning a female average mass to a hypothetical male model to determine proportional volume is deceitful. Charles A Bay‘s model was used to determine the volume occupied by an average male body without regard to mass variation.
(...) for malnourished Polish ghetto Jews (...), the average would be 663.4 ÷ 34 = 19.51 (20) corpses per cubic meter. [107] [p. 418] (...) the space estimated by Kola for the 33 graves he found was 19.51 x 21,310 = 415,758. [108] (...) This is close to the total number of victims of Belzec extermination that is now accepted by historiography, the 434,508 mentioned in the Höfle Report. [109] [p. 419]
Charles A Bay hypothesis estimated an average body of 0.09346 cubic meters:
21310m^3/0.09346m^3 ~ 228012
Charles D Provan’s experiment demonstrated an average body of 0.07158 cubic meters:
21310m^3/0.07158m^3 ~ 297713
Holocaust controversies misused Charles A Bay and Charles D Provan’s results and miscalculated an average body of 0.05125 cubic meters:
21310m^3/0.05125m^3 ~ 415758
104 ‘Gewichtstabelle nach BMI’.
106 Bay, Treblinka, ‘Appendix D - Ash Disposal and Burial Pits (Continued)’
107 With Charles Provan’s test group (Provan, ‘Capacity’), the average would be 663.4 ÷ 33.25 = 19.95 (20). Provan's box had a volume of 21 x 21 x 60.5 = 26,680.50 cubic inches or 0.44 cubic meters, and he managed to squeeze 8 people (including the doll representing a baby) into that space - a concentration of 18.2 per cubic meter. These were living people, and they were "able to breathe just fine" according to Provan, meaning that there was still some space left in the box not filled by their bodies. Provan's photos suggest that the box could have taken in one or two more bodies, at least of children, if the bodies had needed no breathing space because they were dead. The difference between the realistic calculated concentration for an adult+adult+child group of ill-fed or starving Polish Jews (19.51 corpses per cubic meter) and the concentration calculated for Provan's test group with the same reference parameter of 663.40 kg, i.e. 19.95 corpses per cubic meter, is not very big because Provan's test group, while consisting mostly of children, was made up of healthy and well-fed (though not overweight) present-day Americans. Applying Polish ghetto weights to Provan's test-group members (i.e. 43 kg for each of the three adults and 16 kg for each of the five children), the average weight would be [(3x43)+(5x16)]÷8 = 26.13 kg, and the calculated concentration would be 663.40÷26.13 = 25.39 corpses per cubic meter. This means that, if the age and sex distribution of half-starved Polish ghetto Jews deported to Belzec had been like that of Provan's test group, the 21,310 cubic meters of grave space estimated by Kola could have taken in over 540,000 dead bodies.
In Charles D Provan’s experiment the 3 adults had a total mass (a) of 174Kg, 4 children a total mass (b) of 85Kg and 1 toddler a total mass (c) of 7Kg. The average volume of an (x) adult, a 
child or a (z) toddler inside Charles D Provan’s box is formulated by:
{x = a/(a+b+c)*0.44/3, y = b/(a+b+c)*0.44/4, z = c/(a+b+c)*0.44/1}
{x = 174/(174+85+7)*0.44/3, y = 85/(174+85+7)*0.44/4, z = 7/(174+85+7)*0.44/1}
x~0.0959398, y~0.0351504, z~0.0115789
The formula can be applied to the Holocaust Controversies estimations of 3 adults with a total mass (a) of 129Kg (3*43Kg), 4 children with a total mass (b) of 64Kg (4*16Kg) and 1 toddler with a total mass (c) of 16Kg (1*16Kg):
{x = a/(a+b+c)*0.44/3, y = b/(a+b+c)*0.44/4, z = c/(a+b+c)*0.44/1}
{x = 129/(129+64+16)*0.44/3, y = 64/(129+64+16)*0.44/4, z = 16/(129+64+16)*0.44/1}
x~0.0905263, y~0.0336842, z~0.0336842
Using the Holocaust Controversies distribution of 2 adults and 1 child the total volume of all bodies is:
V = 0.0905263 + 0.0905263 + 0.0336842
V = 0.2147368m^3
The average body volume of 2 adults and 1 child is 0.07158 cubic meters. Thus a 21,310 cubic meters burial pit would hold up to 297,713 bodies of adults and children with an average weight of 34 kilograms.
108 Notwithstanding their claim that 8 bodies per cubic meter is a maximum, Mattogno & Graf seem to conside an even higher density plausible, for in another context they tell their readers that "3,000 bodies take up a volume of about (3,000×0.045 =) 135 m3" (M&G, Treblinka, p. 147). The concentration they are assuming is 3,000 ÷ 135 = 22 bodies per cubic meter.
109 Witte and Tyas, ‘A New Document’.
