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Black holes

Take a good look at this waterfall analogy. Be skeptical about it, and ask around elsewhere.
We have had a good look at the waterfall analogy.
We have been skeptical about it, and asked around elsewhere.

The conclusion is that it is insane to think that the word analogy means exactly the same. A waterfall is not a black hole. A black hole is not a waterfall.
What we have is two situations that share the same physics (an event horizon) and can be described with identical mathematics.
 
No they don't. They are an artefact of measurement.
Duh: That is what I said!
They are how measurements can be made. They exist in the same way that measurements exist. Measurents exist. Coordinate systems exist.

You are one persisting with the insane argument that coordinate systems are physical objects. No one has stated that.

And of course there is your obsession with Schwarzschild coordinates which according to you do not exist :jaw-dropp! So how do you do anything with something that does not exist?

... the coordinate speed of light is zero
Gibberish unless you specify the coordinate system in which the speed of light is measured.

Point 1 is no problem, point 2 is debateable in that the external observer will note that the clock is no longer ticking, and can only verify that by waiting an infinite length of time.
Pint 2 is not debateable: The external observer can never note that the clock is no longer ticking because they will have to wait for an infinite length of time.

Point 3 is a myth.
Wow - you remain ignorant of GR.
GR states that an observer with the clock will see it tick as normal as they pass through the event horizon. Read a GR textbook (or even Wikipedia!) sometime, Farsight.
 
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Take care ben, people might read that thread and see that I remained civil whilst you became abusive when you couldn't defend your position.
Take care, Farsight, people might read that thread ( The WAR: Susskind-Hawking battle) and see that you displayed ignorance whilst ben (and other posters) presented the science and noted your similarity to a troll when you couldn't defend your position.

For example:
And there it is again.

a) I think that time stops.
b) You did an error-free GR calculation in which time doesn't stop.
c) However, your calculation fails to take into account that time stops.
d) Therefore your calculation is wrong.
e) Yet another calculation that fails to contradict me!

I bow to a true expert troll. Well played, sir! Your years of practice have honed your trolling skills to the highest luster.



That post really needs a :rolleyes: since you are not a troll, just another crank demonstrating your ignorance of GR on the Internet.
 
It doesn't work the same way at all. There is no inward motion of the medium in a gravitational field.
You display your ignorance of the word analogy once more.
You are the only ine saying that threrw is "inward motion of the medium" at the black hole.
You are the only one with the delustion that the anology means that a black hole is a waterfall.
Everyone else knows that the word analogy means that
  • A black hole is not a waterfall.
  • A waterfall is not a black hole.
 
Sol agrees with me on this. We all know that we cannot look to the clear night sky and point out a coordinate system. It is an artefact of measurement.
We all agree - an coordinate system is an arbitrary selection of a way to make measurements. Different coordinate systems give different measurements which is what you cannot understand.

This is what W.D. Clinger's calculation shows - use a different coordinate system and the speed of light is 1 at the event horizon.
Originally Posted by W.D.Clinger
Consider, for example, Farsight's "$64,000 question" about the coordinate speed of light at the event horizon, according to observers at a great distance. Farsight thinks that speed of light is zero, but I've done the calculation myself and gotten a different answer: unity.
It is dumb of you to say that his calculation is wrong when you do not say where he made his mistake in his calculation.
It is stupid to state your conclusion (see circular reasoning) as what is wrong with his calculation
 
Here's a direct link to sol's "sky-falling-in waterfall nonsense". Unfortunately, it has a lot of "inscrutable mathematics" in it, so Farsight may not want to address it.

http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9712010v2.pdf

On a similar topic, there's this paper on the "river model of black holes" by Andrew J. S. Hamilton and Jason P. Lisle (apologies if this has already been mentioned; I skimmed a few of the thread's pages):

http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0411060v2.pdf

Suitably generalised, the river model even extends to rotating (Kerr) black holes. For a general spacetime metric, however, I get the impression that such a model isn't possible. Is that correct?
 
Suitably generalised, the river model even extends to rotating (Kerr) black holes. For a general spacetime metric, however, I get the impression that such a model isn't possible. Is that correct?
I just lurk here!

(In other words, this question is way above my pay grade).
 
Yes I'm an iconoclast destroying dogma, but I'm doing it by pointing out the issues with the mathematics and giving scientific evidence to back that up.
No, you're claiming to identify issues with the mathematics or science. When asked to provide actual evidence, you've repeated your claims while adding increasingly aggressive language (e.g. "I'll be on them like a ton of bricks", "I'm like a cage-fighter working out toddlers", "What erudite arrogant tosh").

Your sweet talk is not fully convincing. Quoting a notorious crackpot and creationist wasn't much better.

I'm giving you scientific evidence and straightforward logic.
Empty claim, contradicted by evidence.

I'm sorry, but the problem with Farsight's argument is that he really doesn't understand the mathematics.
What erudite arrogant tosh.
Your response would have been more convincing if you hadn't demonstrated the truth of my statement just a moment later.

Although Farsight often says coordinates don't really exist, he founded his argument...
Sol agrees with me on this. We all know that we cannot look to the clear night sky and point out a coordinate system. It is an artefact of measurement.
Everyone agrees that coordinates are arbitrary. You, however, are the only one whose argument is founded upon a mere artifact (excuse me: "artefact" :cool:) of your arbitrary choice of coordinates.

Consider, for example, Farsight's "$64,000 question" about the coordinate speed of light at the event horizon, according to observers at a great distance. Farsight thinks that speed of light is zero, but I've done the calculation myself and gotten a different answer: unity.
Your calculation is wrong.
Wrong? Well, that's easy enough to check.

Here's the metric for Schwarzschild's solution of the Einstein field equations for spacetime around an isolated black hole, in Lemaître coordinates:

[latex]
\[
ds^2 = - d \tau^2 + \frac{2M}{r} d \rho^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2
\]
[/latex]​

For light traveling radially, ds=dΩ=0 so the coordinate speed of radial light is

[latex]
\[
\frac{d \rho}{d \tau} = \pm \sqrt{\frac{r}{2M}}
\]
[/latex]​

At the event horizon, r=2M so the coordinate speed of light is plus or minus unity.

Looks like I was right. This is not the first time you've said someone's math or science was wrong when they were right all along. It's beginning to look as though your opinions are less than worthless.

ETA: The point of the above calculation is not that the coordinate speed of light is unity in any objective sense, but that the coordinate speed of light is a mere artifact of your arbitrary choice of coordinate system. sol invictus stated that fact in post #60. Farsight denied that fact in his post #61 and following. It will surprise few that Farsight is wrong and sol invictus right.
 
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That is true in exactly the same sense as for a sonic clock near the waterfall. A sonic clock held in place near the sound horizon ticks slowly, because sound takes a long time to propagate against the current to the upriver reflector.
It's a different sense altogether. The sonic clock ticks slower at a lower location because the speed of sound is lower at that location, not because it's within a waterfall.

Again, exactly like a sound pulse going upriver - its speed relative to the banks increases as it moves, because the current weakens further from the waterfall.
Phooey. There is no downward "current of space" in the room you're in, and yet an optical clock at floor level ticks slower than an identical clock up by the ceiling.

That's nonsense, of course. Total energy is conserved, but a photon climbing out of a gravitational well certainly loses energy. The change in the energy of the field compensates for that loss.
It isn't nonsense at all. Think this one through carefully. Let's say we have a black hole with a total mass-energy of X which includes its field energy. We direct a photon towards it with a frequency that we measure to be f, and an energy of Y. On the way towards the black hole Clinger measures its frequency to be higher than f, but we know he's doing this with a slower clock. Clinger will also claim that the photon energy is greater than Y. However once the photon has gone into the black hole, we know from conservation of energy that the total mass-energy of the black hole is now X+Y, not X+infinity. We thus know that the photon has not gained any energy from some mysterious source during its descent, and in similar vein if it was ascending it doesn't lose any. Gravity is not a force in the Newtonian sense. No energy is being supplied to the falling body from an outside source.

The relevant mathematics of the waterfall are identical to those of general relativity near a black hole horizon. You have not addressed that, because you cannot.
There you go hiding behind mathematics again. It cuts no ice, sol. You need to be able to support your case using plain English supported by scientific evidence. If you cannot, then people will conclude that you have no case.
 
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Farsight said:
There is no inward motion of the medium in a gravitational field.
Yet another assertion with no evidence. You're quite a specialist in those, I see.
You might as well ask me for evidence to disprove the existence of fairies. Now pay attention: there is no evidence for any inward motion of the medium in a gravitational field, and such is not in accord with general relativity.

Sure - go ahead and try. On the pro side, we have the fact that the mathematics of sound propagating in a flowing fluid is essentially identical to that of light propagating near a black hole horizon. On your side, we have...?
The hard scientific evidence of the Shapiro delay and optical clocks losing synchronisation when separated by a vertical foot, backed by Einstein references to inhomogeneous space and the speed of light varying with position. What you've got is a vacuum-cleaner black hole sucking in an aether wind.

For the lurkers, in general relativity space is a funny thing. It can distort in response to stress and energy, and propagate waves both of itself and of other forms of radiation. But if it is a substance (an aether) then it's of a very strange and diaphanous type, because there is no preferred rest frame.
It isn't a substance in the usual sense, but it does support waves and fields. Einstein spoke of "the aether of general relativity" in his 1920 Leyden Address. However he said "The idea of motion may not be applied to it", meaning it doesn't flow like the old luminiferous aether

On the other hand, even in a fluid there is no rest frame as far as experiments conducted with (low-frequency) sound can determine. You can even define "Lorentz transformations" based on the speed of sound rather than light. That is the physical reason why the math of the waterfall works out so nicely, and why this analogy is so powerful.
The sound analogy is a good one provided you avoid an inflow and stick with inhomogeneity. But to go all the way with it you have to appreciate the wave nature of matter, and envisage that the observer is made of sound waves. Then he always measures the speed of sound to be the same, even if it varies from one location to another. I recommend you read The Other Meaning of Special Relativity by Robert Close for more on this.
 
And yet you haven't identified one single error in any of Visser's detailed mathematical maps between GR and the waterfall parallel. This is a common crackpot difficulty, which Wilfred Hodges discusses in "An Editor Recalls Some Hopeless Papers":
Ah, your usual abuse in lieu of an argument. Moving on...
 
It's a different sense altogether. The sonic clock ticks slower at a lower location because the speed of sound is lower at that location, not because it's within a waterfall.

You're not making any sense. If the speed of sound is lower, it's because of the current.

But is the speed of sound lower? Relative to the banks, the speed of sound is certainly lower for sound propagating upriver, and it's faster for sound going downriver. But relative to the water itself, the speed of sound is exactly constant. A fishicist in a lab floating with the current would have no way of determining the speed or direction of the current from any local experiment, and would measure an isotropic speed of sound with the usual value.

Of course, that's exactly the situation for light in relativity, including at black hole horizons.

Clinger will also claim that the photon energy is greater than Y. However once the photon has gone into the black hole, we know from conservation of energy that the total mass-energy of the black hole is now X+Y, not X+infinity. We thus know that the photon has not gained any energy from some mysterious source during its descent,

Wrong. The energy of the photon changes, but so does the energy in the gravitational field. That's completely basic - it's equally true for two objects falling together under Newtonian gravity. Obviously the kinetic energy of each object increases. Obviously the total energy of the system is constant. Therefore, the increase in kinetic energy is compensated for by the correspondingly more negative gravitational binding energy. Exactly the same thing is true in electromagnetism.
 
We have had a good look at the waterfall analogy. We have been skeptical about it, and asked around elsewhere.
The conclusion is that it is insane to think that the word analogy means exactly the same. A waterfall is not a black hole. A black hole is not a waterfall.
Good. Can we also agree that there is no aether wind of space being sucked into the black hole?

What we have is two situations that share the same physics (an event horizon) and can be described with identical mathematics.
The two situations are not the same. You're misinterpreting the mathematics used to describe a black hole because you're ignoring the undefined result at R=2M. Then you're claiming that the mathematics supports your description when it doesn't.

Farsight said:
No they don't. They are an artefact of measurement.
Duh: That is what I said! They are how measurements can be made. They exist in the same way that measurements exist. Measurements exist. Coordinate systems exist.
Not like light exists, or space, or energy. And there's an important difference between measurement and reality. If you measure the frequency of a photon to be f1, then accelerate towards an identical photon and measure its frequency to be a higher value f2, you know that the difference is down to you - your motion alters your measurement. In similar vein if you measure the frequencies of identical downward-moving photons at different elevations, you will measure the frequency to be f1 at an altitude of 1000m and f2 at an altitude of 0m. Again the difference is down to you, but now your location affects your measurement. The photons don't really change frequency, what changes is you.

You are one persisting with the insane argument that coordinate systems are physical objects. No one has stated that.
You said Coordinates actually exist, Farsight in post #78. But OK, let's drop it.

And of course there is your obsession with Schwarzschild coordinates which according to you do not exist! So how do you do anything with something that does not exist?
You recognise that they accurately reflect the way an optical clock slows down with gravitational potential, and then you focus in on the empirical evidence and study the light instead of being distracted by mathematical abstraction.

Farsight said:
...the coordinate speed of light is zero
Gibberish unless you specify the coordinate system in which the speed of light is measured.
Pay attention RC. Look at my opening post #59. I said this:

According to observers at a great distance, what is the coordinate speed of light at the black hole event horizon?

Point 2 is not debateable: The external observer can never note that the clock is no longer ticking because they will have to wait for an infinite length of time.
If I give you a frozen wristwatch that isn't ticking, you examine it, and after a while you say It ain't ticking. You don't declare that you can't tell because you'd have to wait forever to know for sure. And you don't declare that some frozen bug must be seeing the watch ticking normally. You might want to be cautious and wait for a month, or a year, or a billion years before you give your verdict, but there comes a point when you say It ain't ticking with a certain degree of confidence.

Farsight said:
Point 3 is a myth.
Wow - you remain ignorant of GR. GR states that an observer with the clock will see it tick as normal as they pass through the event horizon. Read a GR textbook (or even Wikipedia!) sometime, Farsight.
The Misner/Thorne/Wheeler interpretation of GR states that, not GR. Can you find Einstein telling you about this? No. Your textbook is wrong I'm afraid. Don't treat it like a bible.
 
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You're not making any sense. If the speed of sound is lower, it's because of the current.
No it isn't. Now go and read that sonar page. Look at the first paragraph, I've highlighted a couple of bits for your convenience: By virtue of the fact that the speed that acoustic waves travel at depends on the properties of the medium (i.e. sea water), the propagation of sonar will be complicated. Look at the pictures:

Edit: hotlink removed, see picture at http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/es310/SNR_PROP/IMG00012.GIF

But is the speed of sound lower? Relative to the banks, the speed of sound is certainly lower for sound propagating upriver, and it's faster for sound going downriver. But relative to the water itself, the speed of sound is exactly constant. A fishicist in a lab floating with the current would have no way of determining the speed or direction of the current from any local experiment, and would measure an isotropic speed of sound with the usual value. Of course, that's exactly the situation for light in relativity, including at black hole horizons.
It isn't. There is no inflowing current, the speed of sound varies all the way down to zero just like the coordinate speed of light measured by distant observers, and the fishicist is made of sound. Read the Robert Close paper too.

Wrong. The energy of the photon changes, but so does the energy in the gravitational field. That's completely basic
And completely wrong. The photon energy doesn't change. It doesn't magically steal energy from the gravitational field. Your measurement of the photon's energy varies with altitude along with your clocks. When you're lower your clocks go slower, so you measure the photon frequency to be higher. Come on sol, you know this.

...it's equally true for two objects falling together under Newtonian gravity. Obviously the kinetic energy of each object increases. Obviously the total energy of the system is constant. Therefore, the increase in kinetic energy is compensated for by the correspondingly more negative gravitational binding energy. Exactly the same thing is true in electromagnetism.
There is no such thing as negative energy. It doesn't exist. What does exist is positive energy, and things made from it. A gravitational field consists of positive energy, hence "The energy of the gravitational field shall act gravitatively in the same way as any other kind of energy". Whilst binding energy is described as being negative, the things in that system are comprised of positive energy, only now there's less of it, and thus a mass defect. The kinetic energy of a falling cannonball comes from that cannonball, not the earth's gravitational field. When it hits the ground the mass-energy of the cannonball plus its kinetic energy is equal to the mass-energy of the cannonball in free space. Radiate the kinetic energy away, and the cannonball is left with a mass deficit. At no point during its fall did the cannonball gain any energy from any external source. The same is true for the falling photon.
 
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There you go hiding behind mathematics again. It cuts no ice, sol. You need to be able to support your case using plain English supported by scientific evidence. If you cannot, then people will conclude that you have no case.

No they won't. They will see your strange aversion to math and laugh at the absurdity of how you think you are making a point.
 
No it isn't. Now go and read that sonar page. Look at the first paragraph, I've highlighted a couple of bits for your convenience: By virtue of the fact that the speed that acoustic waves travel at depends on the properties of the medium (i.e. sea water), the propagation of sonar will be complicated. Look at the pictures:

[qimg]http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/es310/SNR_PROP/IMG00012.GIF[/qimg]

Clearly, you haven't understood anything about the waterfall analogy. The speed of sound can vary for all sorts of reasons, but here we're discussing a fluid with uniform pressure, salinity, temperature, etc. All that varies is the speed of the current.

Now, are you ever going to get around the telling us

(1) What's wrong with the math, or

(2) What physical experiment gives results that differ between the waterfall and the black hole?
 
No, you're claiming to identify issues with the mathematics or science. When asked to provide actual evidence, you've repeated your claims while adding increasingly aggressive language (e.g. "I'll be on them like a ton of bricks", "I'm like a cage-fighter working out toddlers", "What erudite arrogant tosh").
I've provided actual evidence. Optical clocks do go slower when they're lower. The Shapiro delay is a delay, the radar signal goes slower when it goes past the sun. We have hard scientific evidence that the speed of light varies, and that's backed up by Einstein as per a previous post of mine. So it's no use pretending I'm offering no evidence. It just won't wash.

Your sweet talk is not fully convincing. Quoting a notorious crackpot and creationist wasn't much better.
But he is right that there is no motion through spacetime. We plot worldlines in it, but we don't move through it because it's an all-times view, a block universe. Your ad-hominem abuse doesn't change that.

Farsight said:
I'm giving you scientific evidence and straightforward logic.
Empty claim, contradicted by evidence.
LOL. Would you like me to tell you about the optical clocks again as per a previous thread? Or how about the NIST Caesium Fountain Clock which uses the hyperfine transition and microwaves to define the second? Here it is again for your convenience:

"Since 1967, the second has been defined to be the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom".

In the NIST caesium fountain clock, lasers and a microwave cavity are employed to cause hyperfine transitions, which emit microwaves - light in the wider sense. There’s a peak frequency in the emitted light, which is found and measured by the detector. But note that frequency is measured in Hertz, which is defined as cycles per second, and the second isn't defined yet. So what the detectors actually do is count incoming microwave peaks, and when they get to 9,192,631,770, that's a second. The frequency is 9,192,631,770 Hertz by definition. Then we use the second along with light to define the metre:

"Since 1983 the metre has been defined as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1⁄299,792,458 of a second".

And since everything has an electromagnetic nature, and since we define our second and our metre using the motion of light, and then use them to measure the speed of light, we always measure the local speed of light to be the same.

Your response would have been more convincing if you hadn't demonstrated the truth of my statement just a moment later.
Change the record, Clinger. Taking refuge behind you don't understand the mathematics just isn't good enough.

Everyone agrees that coordinates are arbitrary. You, however, are the only one whose argument is founded upon a mere artifact (excuse me: "artefact" :cool:) of your arbitrary choice of coordinates.
No, my argument is based on the empirical evidence of what's there, light moving, and what Einstein actually said.

Wrong? Well, that's easy enough to check. Here's the metric for Schwarzschild's solution of the Einstein field equations for spacetime around an isolated black hole, in Lemaître coordinates:

[latex]
\[
ds^2 = - d \tau^2 + \frac{2M}{r} d \rho^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2
\]
[/latex]​

For light traveling radially, ds=dΩ=0 so the coordinate speed of radial light is

[latex]
\[
\frac{d \rho}{d \tau} = \pm \sqrt{\frac{r}{2M}}
\]
[/latex]​

At the event horizon, r=2M so the coordinate speed of light is plus or minus unity.

Looks like I was right. This is not the first time you've said someone's math or science was wrong when they were right all along. It's beginning to look as though your opinions are less than worthless.
Looks like you're using circular reasoning. Because everybody can look at Lemaitre coordinates and read this:

Changing to Lemaître coordinates removes the coordinate singularity at the Schwarzschild radius, which is present in Schwarzschild coordinates.

Again you've evaded the undefined result at R=2M. I will reiterate, to understand why it's incorrect to do this you have to look at the empirical evidence of moving light, and what Einstein said, and what clocks do. Clocks do not measure "the flow of time", they clock up some regular motion and display a cumulative tally that we call the time. And when those distant observers in the universe at large observe that a light clock has stopped, it has stopped. You cannot perform a coordinate transformation to pretend that it has not stopped, and is instead still ticking. Not in the real world. Because it takes forever for that clock to tick; it hasn't ticked yet, and never ever will

ETA: The point of the above calculation is not that the coordinate speed of light is unity in any objective sense, but that the coordinate speed of light is a mere artifact of your arbitrary choice of coordinate system. sol invictus stated that fact in post #60. Farsight denied that fact in his post #61 and following. It will surprise few that Farsight is wrong and sol invictus right.
I'm right. Sol's wrong. One employs the CMBR to define a coordinate system for the universe as a whole, and notes that when light doesn't move, there are no seconds and there no metres, and no coordinate system either. Besides, his waterfall claim is based on the assumption that the speed of light is absolutely constant. Look at his post #88. He has a bitter pill to swallow when he reads my sonar reference.
 

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