Why science and religion are not compatible

Rather than predict something like us must evolve, what the theory of evolution does is explain how we evolved. Regarding our presence, it is not predictive.
Perhaps you are correct when it comes to historic evolution, which dominates biology.

But, there are also sciences in predictive evolution, that seek out what patterns of survival strategies are likely to emerge in a given enviornment's history.

Perhaps Dawkins doesn't get into that, too much. (Though, his new children's book does it a little when he talks about possible evolution of aliens on other planets.) P.Z. Meyers once sorta spoke on this subject, for one.

A lot of abiogenesis folks seem to talk a lot about predictive aspects of evolution, too, for some reason.

Of course chance has something to do with evolution.
If you re-ran evolution on Earth, then the odds of Humanity evolving again would be small.
There are two things to consider, here: Proximate details and ultimate patterns.

Ultimately, the emergence of something very much like humanity is inevitable, in most cases evolution is going to take off.

Though, the specific proximate details might be a little different, based on small chance events.

There is nothing in the theory of evolution which says that the natural history of life on Earth had to be the way it is. It could have gone many different ways, that it went this way is pure chance.
Yes there is!

The selection pressures placed on species would have to be dramatically different, for the history of life on Earth to be very different.

Most small changes, due to random walks and fluctuations, would be smoothed over in the long run. Though, there might be some superficial diffferences remaining in the history.

I would guess that the odds of some kind of complex life arising from less complex life would be quite high. But what kind of complex life? That isn't decided and will depend on the available options and on chance events.
There are a lot of ways we can define 'complex life', but almost all of the reasonable ways to do it are quite likely to crop up. Doesn't matter much if we define 'complex life' as 'complex-adaptive pattern seekers', or 'multicellular entities with an emergence of consciousness'.


That we are here instead of our ancestors going extinct million of years ago, or just staying in the trees, is chance.
No it's not. If there was a niche for moving entities (animals) to survive and thive in, it would be filled. Life tends to fill any and all niches that become available, whenever it can.




Mutations are random. If you consider the roll of a dice to be random, anyway.

As long as some mutations are benefitial, then new characteristics can be selected for.
That's not quite how it works. You are neglecting the role of the gene pool.

Mutations are only 'beneficial' in the hindsight of their success competing in the gene pool.
 
...
Ultimately, the emergence of something very much like humanity is inevitable, in most cases evolution is going to take off.

Why do you think something like Humanity is inevitable?

...
The selection pressures placed on species would have to be dramatically different, for the history of life on Earth to be very different.

Most small changes, due to random walks and fluctuations, would be smoothed over in the long run. Though, there might be some superficial diffferences remaining in the history.

There are a lot of ways we can define 'complex life', but almost all of the reasonable ways to do it are quite likely to crop up. Doesn't matter much if we define 'complex life' as 'complex-adaptive pattern seekers', or 'multicellular entities with an emergence of consciousness'.


No it's not. If there was a niche for moving entities (animals) to survive and thive in, it would be filled. Life tends to fill any and all niches that become available, whenever it can.
...

Wasn't the point of the exercise to "wind the film back to the start"? In which case we are looking at Earth before the emergence of life. Is there any reason why the dominant lifeforms shouldn't have 27 legs and one eye?

If intelligence is inevitable, why has it only shown up once (as far as we know) in 4.5 billion years? Eyes, wings, and other useful adaptations have evolved separately many times, not so with intelligence, so how can it be inevitable?
 
My point is Natural Selection as conventionally presented in terms of a series of many many many random mutations, does not explain "the origin of species", does not explain the divergence of species from common ancestors which I believe there is fairly good evidence for. The most significant evidence for common ancestry in my mind being the shared genetic code, from sunflowers to whales.

Hmm? I get the very strong feeling that you don't.... fully grasp the concepts that you're talking about, to put the sentiment kindly. Maybe, just maybe, you should review the topic of what Natural Selection actually is more carefully.

It does bother me though when creationists make the point that when evolution is taught in schools as unintentional, and purposeless and therefore a theory with an atheist agenda, they, the atheists are not treated fairly. They have a valid point, absolutely correct there they are. If evolution, natural selection is to be taught in schools as a process that occurs without direction, without purpose, without goal, then this needs to be acknowledged as the atheist rhetoric that it is, and creationists as a consequence have every right to ask that their views be similarly presented to students. Natural Selection is a secular presentation of atheism and needs to be acknowledged as such.

No. Just no. Natural selection is a means to explain the evidence in a logical and potentially predictable manner and works exceedingly well as such. Belief in causes of the process is absolutely irrelevant.

Natural selection is obviously inadequate to explain why we are the way we are, how we came to be, but there is nothing better out their to point to and say, "Look! that is what accounts for all of this".

"Obviously inadequate" is, likely, far, far too strong a position to take. It's like saying that obviously, chance is an inadequate explanation for why some number of rolls of a die ended up in a specific permutation. Nevermind that the chance of getting a result in that case is 100% and that it has to come from the set of possible permutations. At no point in natural selection does it say that "you" are an intended result. That said, please present your actual evidence or direct reasons for evolution as a whole, of which Natural Selection is only one part of, at last check, being an inadequate explanation. Preferably in the correct forum, though.

My main point in the thread again is that Natural Selection and Christianity , Judaism, Islam, are incompatible, inconsistent with one another. Natural Selection says, no purpose, mindless, directionless. Christianity says God made me with careful studied attention.

Neither Natural Selection, nor evolution, addresses purpose, in any way, shape, or form. Also, be careful when generalizing a religion like Christianity, as saying "careful studied attention." Like most points, this is highly unlikely to be shared universally in the taught theology. Natural Selection and Christianity are not necessarily at odds, though, unless certain claims are taken literally. Young Earth Creationism, in its Christian forms, encompasses quite a few examples of where conflicts arise, for example. That said, evolution merely demonstrates that there is an excellent explanatory tool that does not depend either the supernatural or lack thereof. The supernatural is irrelevant. Certainly, one can argue that various mutations happened with the influence of the supernatural and were selected for or not selected for because of the supernatural, but such is irrelevant to the issue.

Now, to jump to a different post for a moment...

HAve you ever heard mainstream bhiologists say God may have worked through the process of NAtural Selection to create us. I have heard it a few times, but not mainstreamers. For the most part, the emphasis when presenting the nature of mutation in the process of natural selection is on its futrue of being chance based, unintentional, mindless, purposeless.

This opens the doors for the creationists. why should they not ask for equal time?

Because the process itself does not intrinsically require purpose, mind, or intention to function in the manner that does. When the "mainstreamers" say that, it's the simple truth. Certainly, there may be such involved, but it is not required, in any way. If you want to argue that that qualification should be taught? Feel free. If you want to equate it with creationism? No, just no. First, demonstrate that what they're trying to teach is factual and has value similar to science. Otherwise, keep it in classes that deal specifically with religious beliefs. I, personally, believe that classes should be taught about the major religions and religious concepts of the world, given how powerful the influence that they have had and have is. That does not, in any way, mean that their beliefs should get time in a science class without qualifying as such.

I know, the religious fighting is very dumb. Guess the fighting must at root really be about something else, like land, water, oil and other stuff. The religion is just a "cover".

I agree that religious fighting is moronic. I disagree that it has to be "a cover," though. Certainly, religion is rarely alone in the reasons for why things happened the way that they did, but, generally speaking, all reasons and justifications are only contributing factors in a larger whole.


Of course there is zero evidence, I just made it up (although there may be existing belief systems that it resembles). Don't try to make sense of it. That's not the point. On the other hand, if you try to make sense of the many Gods and religions that have sprung up over time you'll end up with the same conclusion.

Yet those beliefs existed, and influenced people and culture. And along with those beliefs people still advanced science and technology. History is rife with idiotic and irrational religions. Yet despite that fact, man never stopped inventing, never stopped investigating, never stopped conducting science.

Turn that last paragraph around ... Yet science existed, and influenced people and culture. And along with science people still invented new gods and beliefs. History is rife with invention and technological advancement. Yet despite that fact, man never stopped imagining gods, never stopped inventing religions, never stopped their quest for the spiritual.

That sounds like coexistence to me. That sounds like compatibility.

While I will quite agree with your sentiment that science and religion are not intrinsically incompatible, I find myself disagreeing with the way you defend that sentiment. It sounds like coexistence, to me, too. However, I don't think that the coexistence of the two has ever really been in question, much as science, as we understand it these days, is actually a relatively recent ideology that has proven itself to be extremely useful. Drastically more useful than any religion has, to my knowledge. Taken as an ideology of investigating what can be investigated, accepting verifiable evidence, and putting everything together into a larger, coherent picture of reality, it will, however, produce claims that are in opposition to the claims made by most possible religions. Therefore, science and most possible religions are incompatible, just as the religions are largely, though not entirely, incompatible with each other. Properly based logic, which isn't necessarily the same thing as science, will counter most of the remainder. Again, not all, though. Still, now I may begin to ramble, so... I'm just going to post this and allow more specific responses.
 
Yes there is!

The selection pressures placed on species would have to be dramatically different, for the history of life on Earth to be very different.

Most small changes, due to random walks and fluctuations, would be smoothed over in the long run. Though, there might be some superficial diffferences remaining in the history.

It sounds to me like you two are addressing different questions. Life, in general, following evolution, and Life on Earth, specifically, following evolution. Even in the latter case, though, what we call "humans," "giraffes," "piranhas," or whatever other creature that you want to name, specifically, are likely not guaranteed, unless you "set all factors" at "the same as what happened" and "assume determinism, or close enough, is the case."
 
They reach different conclusions. There you go, incompatibility.
Religions all promote ideas that contradict science. If they didn't preach impossible things they wouldn't demand faith or supernatural belief, which are by any reasonable evaluation the defining characteristics of a religion. But, oddly, that doesn't mean that religious people can't practice science. They simply split their brain into two parts, a faith part and a reason part, and switch the appropriate parts on and off depending on whether they perceive themselves to be in a religious or scientific context. Doublethink. It can be done.
 
Which is not what I said! FFS, stop strawmanning me!:mad:
I didn't say you said it, and I know you don't think it. But some people seem to think it. For example, they list the names of religion-believing scientists, and so on. I was intending to meet in advance any such objection to your views.

You have misinterpreted the motive of my last post, for which I am sorry.
 
I didn't say you said it, and I know you don't think it. But some people seem to think it. For example, they list the names of religion-believing scientists, and so on. I was intending to meet in advance any such objection to your views.

You have misinterpreted the motive of my last post, for which I am sorry.

Ok I see, sorry for my overreaction.
 
Danger, Will Robinson. This argument typically goes on for pages and pages.

Scaremonger!

Ultimately, the emergence of something very much like humanity is inevitable, in most cases evolution is going to take off.

[...]


Most small changes, due to random walks and fluctuations, would be smoothed over in the long run. Though, there might be some superficial diffferences remaining in the history.

[...]

No it's not. If there was a niche for moving entities (animals) to survive and thive in, it would be filled. Life tends to fill any and all niches that become available, whenever it can.

This is the crux of the matter.
Suppose the extinction of the dinosaurs had been out by a million years. The opportunities that provided the remaining life would be taken advantage of. But with different starting places, the odds of everything proceeding in a substantialy similar way seem small to me.

When you say something very much like Humanity is inevitable, I think that is a big leap. I've seen predictions regarding what could replace Humanity (if we disappeared, or were never here) ranging from descendents of Dolphins to Squids. Yes, intelligence seems likely to be selected for. But that isn't similar enough to justify "something very much like Humanity".

Mutations are only 'beneficial' in the hindsight of their success competing in the gene pool.

That's how I meant it.
 
... science, as we understand it these days, is actually a relatively recent ideology that has proven itself to be extremely useful. Drastically more useful than any religion has, to my knowledge. Taken as an ideology of investigating what can be investigated, accepting verifiable evidence, and putting everything together into a larger, coherent picture of reality, it will, however, produce claims that are in opposition to the claims made by most possible religions. Therefore, science and most possible religions are incompatible ...


If there is a direct contradiction between science and religion, such as the Earth is the center of the Universe and everything revolves around it, then there is incompatibility and over time people are won over by that which is measurable, and verifiable ... science.

But take the concept Jesus Christ is the son of God, who died for my sins and is my Lord and Savior. What science is incompatible with that? It seems to me that even if we mapped the entire universe and discovered the source and cause of the Big Bang, that concept is not contradicted by science.

Religion explains through speculation and mythology the gaps of knowledge that science can not or has not answered. Will science eventually fill in a sufficient amount of knowledge so that some time in the future religion disappears? Perhaps. But I would suggest that day is pretty far off. And religion—as it has in the past—will reframe itself to remain compatible with what is known.

So for all the discussion about how incompatible these two are, I believe they will remain squabbling, yet intimate bedfellows for many, many years to come. Considering the general sense of enmity and animosity we see in the world today, science and religion are doing okay as a couple. Though I might suggest counseling.
 
But take the concept Jesus Christ is the son of God, who died for my sins and is my Lord and Savior. What science is incompatible with that?
Do you accept the stories about the Virgin Birth? Yes? Then you are in flagrant contradiction with vertebrate biology. No? Then how can you show as a matter of fact that Jesus was the son of God, and not simply a son of Joseph, as indeed he is twice described in the Gospel of John? Assuming any of this happened at all, that is; and that is a matter for the historical sciences.
 
Do you accept the stories about the Virgin Birth? Yes? Then you are in flagrant contradiction with vertebrate biology. No? Then how can you show as a matter of fact that Jesus was the son of God, and not simply a son of Joseph, as indeed he is twice described in the Gospel of John? Assuming any of this happened at all, that is; and that is a matter for the historical sciences.

This is why I defined what I meant by religion in an earlier post as often what is presented as "religion" is not what the churches etc. themselves claim for their religion. If we look at the actual religions that billions of folk self-identify with then we find those religions are in conflict with the models of the world that science has been used to create.

For instance the following taken from the catechism of the Roman Catholic Church (copied the English translation from wikipedia):

I believe in God,
the Father almighty,
Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died and was buried;
he descended into hell;
on the third day he rose again from the dead;
he ascended into heaven,
and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty;
from there he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and life everlasting. Amen
 
Why do you think something like Humanity is inevitable?
A niche of sapient/sentient/conscious creatures is waiting to be filled.

Wasn't the point of the exercise to "wind the film back to the start"? In which case we are looking at Earth before the emergence of life. Is there any reason why the dominant lifeforms shouldn't have 27 legs and one eye?
One could argue that having 27 legs would usually be a waste of resources, and that one eye would mean no depth perceptions... BUT: If a sapient/sentient/conscious species did evolve that had 27 legs and only one eye, then THAT would become humanity.

If intelligence is inevitable, why has it only shown up once (as far as we know) in 4.5 billion years? Eyes, wings, and other useful adaptations have evolved separately many times, not so with intelligence, so how can it be inevitable?

Intelligence might have been shown up in more than one species, a long time ago. But, when the two (or more) met, and competed within that niche, one took over, and the others died out. It happens that homo sapiens won. But, if (for example) the neaderthals won, "humanity" would have been them instead.

Different species that have wings can co-exist as long as the niches they fill are sufficiently different from each other.

The world-dominating power of our intelligence might be a niche only one species can control, at least in the early stages of its emergence.
 
Do you accept the stories about the Virgin Birth? Yes? Then you are in flagrant contradiction with vertebrate biology. No? Then how can you show as a matter of fact that Jesus was the son of God, and not simply a son of Joseph, as indeed he is twice described in the Gospel of John? Assuming any of this happened at all, that is; and that is a matter for the historical sciences.


If I were a semi-rational Christian, I'd throw out the virgin birth thing as mythology. Could I show as a matter of fact that Jesus was the son of God? Of course not! That's why it's called faith and not fact.

But it's not merely faith in an abstract concept. People often claim to have a personal and abiding relationship with their Lord. The only science that I can think of that could destroy that faith is if they find the God spot in the brain and by turning it on and off could elicit or erase these feelings.


I have an intimate and abiding personal relationship with Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior.

*zap*

Oops ... it's gone. Never mind. How about them Cowboys?
 
If I were a semi-rational Christian, I'd throw out the virgin birth thing as mythology. Could I show as a matter of fact that Jesus was the son of God? Of course not! That's why it's called faith and not fact.
But then, whether your source is evidence, or whether your source is faith, "the evidence of things not seen", do you or do you not believe it to be a fact that, for example, Jesus was born to a virgin in Bethlehem. Whatever the justification for your belief about Jesus' birth: was he really born in Bethlehem in the same sense as Caesar was born in Rome? And was his mother a virgin, in the same factual sense as Caesar's mother was sexually experienced? If a Christian can answer yes to these propositions, then the Christian believes, but if not - if they mumble about Jesus being a "faith thing" and Caesar being a "fact thing" (as they often do) then I have no idea what is going on in their minds, except that it isn't belief in any sense in which I understand the term.
 
... do you or do you not believe it to be a fact that, for example ...


I do want to clear up one thing ... I am not a Christian. I am not trying to argue for any specific article of Christian faith. What I am trying to point out is that there is room for their faith to exist outside of the constrictions of known scientific knowledge.

And I'm arguing that if scientific knowledge advanced to the point that it could contradict some tenets of faith (in Christianity or any other faith), then you would most likely see that faith evolve to accommodate that new knowledge. Even if the existence of Jesus was completely proven false. There's still the concept of God, or some kind of universal power, that would likely persist.
 

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