The columns came in pre-fab sets of 3 box-beams 30 feet long, connected by being welded to 3 sheets of steel that had the floor support flanges welded to it. The unit overlapped floors, so removing one column affects 4 floors.
Each set was bolted into place on top of the lower set, with access holes in each end of the columns. The horizontal connectors were bolted to the next set of columns. The floor supports (steel pan with truss under it) were bolted to the flanges and concrete was poured into the pan. Then the columns were covered by an aluminum cladding (bolted to the steel) that also provided the mounting for the windows.
Just for fun, let's step through replacing ONE column in the impact zone (at any time post-occupancy) with a lighter, weaker version.
- Put a suitable crane in place above the column you with to work on.
- Remove the 8 windows at the sides of the column, being careful not to drop them. Set them aside.
- Remove the interior wall finish as necessary around the window area on all four floors to expose the aluminum cladding retaining system bolts and the 2 access holes for the column bolts.
- Remove the aluminum cladding to expose the column exterior and set it aside.
- Secure the column to the crane that will lower it.
- Unweld the column from the spandrels (There are 6 welds, each about 30 inches long, on the outside of the spandrel.)
- Unbolt the top and bottom of the column.
- Hammer on the column until you free it from the columns above and below it.
- Lower the column to the ground, being careful not to let wind smash it into any part of the building.
- Hoist the weaker replacement column into place, being careful not to let wind smash it into any part of the building.
- Hammer on the column to wedge it into position between the columns above and below it.
- Bolt the column to the columns above and below it.
- Weld the column to the spandrels.
- Unfasten the column from the crane, reel in the cable.
- Replace the aluminum cladding and the windows that you set aside during step 2.
- Repair the interior finish to cover all traces of your activity.
- Repeat as desired.
NOTE: Removing and replacing a 3-column unit could probably be done without any welding, but you need to remove more windows and cladding, destroy more interior wall finish, hammer out some of the concrete flooring to expose the floor pan bolts, and get a bigger crane.