Like a hospital justifying the massive expense of its newest MRI machine by pressuring its doctors into ordering questionable scans?
This also is bad for the hospital itself, because if an insurance company requests medical records to confirm the validity of a claim, and that MRI isn't medically necessary, you're not getting screwed.
But insurances aren't always going to do that, so a hospital can get away with ordering unnecessary MRIs.
You have to be a pretty crappy hospital to be doing that though (though it certainly is a problem). At a reputable hospital, you'll have a specific department set up which reviews all patients who are receiving MRIs as well as their medical policies to make sure the MRI is medically necessary and falls within their policy guidelines.
Also, it's not generally as easy to get fraudulent MRIs as people think, because the vast majority of insurance companies require prior authorization. You have to tell the insurance first that a patient is getting an MRI and submit clinical documentation to support the scan, and the insurance has to approve it after validating medical necessity.
Of course, there have been cases in which clinics have been found to be faking medical records in order to justify scans so they can scam insurances, so if you're just out to defraud an insurance, there are ways to do that.
But there is no prior authorization process with Medicare. You just have to follow their guidelines. Now if you don't, and Medicare asks you for clinical documentation after receiving a claim, you're screwed. But a lot of scans just fall through the cracks and get paid out by Medicare even though they weren't really necessary. So then you end up with Medicare paying for unnecessary scans.
I think Medicare needs more oversight. They need more people employed to review claims more carefully to prevent fraudulent payouts, or payouts for unnecessary services that could have been done by cheaper alternatives. But of it's very hard to convince a company or organization that they will decrease costs by hiring more people. Also, the American mentality is generally that more beaurocracy and more regulation is always a bad thing.