The UW-Milwaukee palisade excavations identified three palisade building stages, each marked by a distinctive type of bastion incorporated into their construction. The super-positioning of the palisade lines indicates that the bastions underwent a series of changes from the earliest round bastions to square bastions with back walls and finally to square bastions that lacked back walls. The UW-Milwaukee palisade excavations provide some clues into the social milieu that may have contributed to he palisade construction at Cahokia. In one instance, a square bastion of the second palisade line cut through a burned domestic structure. Numerous artifacts and pottery fragments lay scattered on the floor of the house, many of which appear to have been left where they were last used.
Two interpretations have been offered to explain why a palisade line would have been placed through a domestic structure. One view is that the house was abandoned quickly and burned down to make way for palisade construction, perhaps in a hasty attempt to complete the palisade to stave off outside attack. A second view holds that palisade construction, like other public works at Cahokia, was unimpeded by residences or other structures that were already standing, a notion Fowler has referred to as "prehistoric urban renewal." Both interpretations provide a glimpse of the social dynamics behind palisade construction at Cahokia - either that threats to the community from the outside were a real concern, or the ruling elite who presumably oversaw the construction of the palisade, possessed the power to displace individuals dwellings or even neighborhoods to ensure that the project progressed.