Natural Selection 1
An offspring of a plant or animal has characteristics that vary, often in subtle ways, from those of its “parents.” Because of the environment, genetics, and chance circumstances, some of these offspring will reproduce more than others. So, a species with certain characteristics will tend, on average, to have more “children.” In this sense, nature “selects” genetic characteristics suited to an environment—and, more importantly, eliminates unsuitable genetic variations. Therefore, an organism’s gene pool is constantly decreasing. This is called natural selection (a).
On the surface this is almost accurate. But I can tell that Brown is the source because of the fundamental errors. It sounds like something written by a high school biology student with a C average. Let's take it apart:
An offspring of a plant or animal has characteristics that vary, often in subtle ways, from those of its “parents.”
The variations are virtually always subtle. And why the quotation marks?
So, a species with certain characteristics will tend, on average, to have more “children.”
Individuals, not species. Individuals will pass on favorable mutations to their offspring. If these new traits offer a reproductive advantage then they will increase in frequency within the species' gene pool.
Therefore, an organism’s gene pool is constantly decreasing.
Where does he get this?
a. In 1835 and again in 1837, Edward Blyth, a creationist, published an explanation of natural selection. Later, Charles Darwin adopted it as the foundation for his theory, evolution by natural selection. Darwin failed to credit Blyth for his important insight. [See evolutionist Loren C. Eiseley, Darwin and the Mysterious Mr. X (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1979), pp. 45–80.]
Failed to credit Blyth? In the first chapter of
On the Origin of Species Darwin wrote "Mr. Blyth, whose opinion, from his large and varied stores of knowledge, I should value more than that of almost any one, ..." Darwin did not invent the idea of natural selection, nor did he claim to. It was an idea common among naturalists in the mid nineteenth century. Blyth had written a few papers on the subject that impressed Darwin so he wrote to Blyth about his own ideas. Blyth had proposed that natural selection tended to preserve the archetype rather than give rise to new species. Blyth was delighted with Darwin's interest in his work, writing that he was "much gratified to learn that a subject in which I have always felt the deepest interest has been undertaken by one so competent to treat of it in all its bearings". Later, it was Blyth who brought Wallace's paper to Darwin's attention, writing to inquire "What think you of Wallace's paper in the Ann. M. N. H. ? Good! Upon the whole! ... Wallace has, I think, put the matter well; and according to his theory, the various domestic races of animals have been fairly developed into species. ... A trump of a fact for friend Wallace to have hit upon!".
Brown's attempt to paint Darwin as an intellectual thief is dishonest.
Darwin also largely ignored Alfred Russel Wallace, who had independently proposed the theory that is usually credited solely to Darwin. In 1855, Wallace published the theory of evolution in a brief note in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, a note that Darwin read. Again, on 9 March 1858, Wallace explained the theory in a letter to Darwin, 20 months before Darwin finally published his more detailed theory of evolution.
This is blatantly dishonest on Brown's part. More than enough of the history of this subject is available to demonstrate that Darwin did not steal the idea from Wallace. Later, Wallace agreed that Darwin's was the far more thoroughly developed idea and enthusiastically supported it. Darwin and Wallace remained life-long friends and Wallace was one of the pallbearers at Darwin's funeral.
Edward Blyth also showed why natural selection would limit an organism’s characteristics to only slight deviations from those of all its ancestors. Twenty-four years later, Darwin tried to refute Blyth’s explanation in a chapter in The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (24 November 1859).
Blyth's work was shown in his own lifetime to be erroneous. He himself expressed his enthusiasm for Wallace's paper.
Darwin felt that, with enough time, gradual changes could accumulate. Charles Lyell’s writings (1830) had persuaded Darwin that the earth was at least hundreds of thousands of years old. James Hutton’s writings (1788) had convinced Lyell that the earth was extremely old. Hutton felt that certain geological formations supported an old earth. Those geological formations are explained, not by time, but by a global flood. [See
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/PartII.html#wp1074931]
There is no geological evidence of a world wide flood. Brown is letting his desire to believe ancient legends override his logic.
Darwin was confronted by a genuinely unusual problem. The mechanism, natural selection, by which he hoped to prove the reality of evolution, had been written about most intelligently by a nonevolutionist [Edward Blyth].
As explained, this is not a problem. It is no secret that Darwin was not the only person to work on the idea of evolution. His work was simply the most detailed and well developed. Eiseley is either an incompetent historian writing on a subject that he is ill informed about, or he is deliberately taking advantage of his reader's ignorance to mislead them.
Geology, the time world which it was necessary to attach to natural selection in order to produce [hopefully] the mechanism of organic change, had been beautifully written upon by a man [Charles Lyell] who had publicly repudiated the evolutionary position. Eiseley, p. 76.
Again, we are confronted by what is either Eiseley's incompetence as an historian or his dishonesty. Lyell later expressed his acceptance of Darwin's theory, and even if he hadn't, it would not have invalidated it. Einstein's rejection of quantum mechanics did not invalidate the theory.
Charles Darwin also plagiarized in other instances.
By the reasoning employed, all scientists are plagiarists. Darwin never claimed to have formulated his theory in a vacuum. His work is filled with references to the works of others. We see here creationists taking advantage of their reader's ignorance of the history of science in order to attempt to paint Darwin in a negative light.