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Perpetual motion machine examination rules, please.

@ Simon Bridge

If your machin is indeed a PMM, able to generate more energy then you put in, why even bother getting the 1 million dollar price?

If it was enstablished, beyond doubt, that your machine could do this, you would have global megacorporations at your feet begging to buy the patents and you would be able to demand billions for them, you would solve the world energy crisis, global warming, fossil fuel en the world hunger problem within a decade!!!!! You would have Nobel prices coming out of your ears!

But then again, you would have to create a working model... just that... nothing more...
 
I have a question if you don't mind. First of all, I am skeptical about the $1M. Sounds to good to be true. And as we all know, those things usually are not.



Why ask a question that is so easily answered?

http://www.randi.org/challenge/goldmansachs.pdf

http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-faq.html

3. Prize Money

3.1 I heard the prize money doesn’t really exist and that it’s all just a scam.

The short answer: The money is real.

The medium-length answer: The money is held with the Evercore Trust Company. Anyone can verify that the money exists by requesting the information in writing from the JREF. They will in turn forward you the most recent account statement from Evercore Trust.

The long answer: The JREF is a 'tax exempt' organization, so they are required by law to have a level of financial transparency. That means that the public can request things like an annual report and copies of JREF's 990 (the tax return non-profits file). Go to http://tfcny.fdncenter.org/990s/990search/esearch.php (search for Randi, 2005 is here.) to look up JREF's 990. Contained within these types of documents is enough information to verify that the organization does indeed have special assets in a reserved account to cover the prize, should it ever be won. The contract between the claimant and JREF is binding enough that the JREF must pay the prize if someone wins it. This is a published, legal obligation, not just a casual offer. We have no choice in the matter. As a savvy applicant, all you need to do is verify that the organization has the funds to cover the prize. Also, if JREF were not able to hold up its end of the bargain, the IRS would investigate and pull the JREF's tax exempt status. It would mean severe penalties for the JREF, and Randi himself would also be personally liable and subject to potential incarceration. Rest assured: The money is there.

Long answer, continued: The JREF prize fund is maintained in a way that is similar to an endowment fund. Non-profits often create reserves of assets called endowments to build up enough money to take care of the organization in the case of bad financial times, or to save up money for a project down the road, like building a new facility or starting a large new program that would require a lot of capital. Endowment funds are held in a separate Goldman Sachs account designated, "James Randi Educational Foundation Prize Account." This prevents the JREF from accidentally spending the prize money. It is never a good idea to just let large sums of money sit in a savings account for years and years, so most non-profits invest their endowment funds. The way they invest it is really not important. JREF invests in bonds, which is fine. If a claimant wins the prize, it must be awarded within ten days, as per the Challenge rules and the legally binding contract entered into when the application was signed.

I know you are going to ask, "What if the bonds cannot be easily liquidated?" If the JREF did not pay a winning claimant in a reasonable amount of time, we would be open to a lawsuit for breach of contract. The claimant will be paid. The JREF states that the funds are held in immediately negotiable bonds so that a claimant can feel at ease about the ability of the JREF to pay. The fact that the JREF will do so is going above and beyond the requirements of the law and the generally accepted practices of good, responsible non-profits. It is an enormous act of good faith on JREF's part. The million dollars exist. Arguments to the contrary are utterly pointless, and they will not be entertained by the JREF.

3.2 I still don’t buy it.

It's important to realize that if at this point you still doubt that the money exists, your doubt is in the entire American bond system in general and Goldman Sachs specifically, and not with the JREF. There is really no more evidence the JREF can provide you. For concerns regarding Goldman Sachs, please inquire at their Web site, http://www.gs.com/.

Should you remain unconvinced of the existence of the prize funds, you are free to choose not to apply. The JREF will under no circumstances go beyond the aforementioned measures in providing proof of the prize fund's existence. As stated clearly in the Challenge rules, "The JREF will not cater to such vanities."
 
Most attempts at making a perpetual motion machine are variations of a counterbalanced wheel. I saw on Mythbusters a machine powered by a battery attached to a generator which was in turn powering the battery. That didn't work either although that concept intrigued me. Some fanatics who can't be convinced of the impossibility or folly of making a PMM spend their whole lives trying to make their devices work.
 
The challenge is NOT open to everyone!
12. This offer is not open to any and all persons. Before being considered as an applicant, the person applying must satisfy two conditions: First, he/she must have a “media presence,” which means having been published, written about, or known to the media in regard to his/her claimed abilities or powers. This can be established by producing articles, videos, books, or other published material that specifically addresses the person’s abilities. Second, he/she must produce at least one signed document from an academic who has witnessed the powers or abilities of the person, and will validate that these powers or abilities have been verified.
from http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-application.html

Thus an independent inventor of any perpetual motion machine must first develop some sort of "media presence", whatever that means. The question by an unknown independent inventor of a perpetual motion machine would be, "What constitutes a "media presence?"
 
The challenge is NOT open to everyone!
from http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-application.html

Thus an independent inventor of any perpetual motion machine must first develop some sort of "media presence", whatever that means. The question by an unknown independent inventor of a perpetual motion machine would be, "What constitutes a "media presence?"



Except it's really quite easy to get media coverage for such claims. We had one local guy do just that about two years ago. If you've got something that doesn't look like a ridiculous fraud right away, you can get someone interested enough to do a story on you, and that's about all you need.
 
The challenge is NOT open to everyone!
from http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-application.html

Thus an independent inventor of any perpetual motion machine must first develop some sort of "media presence", whatever that means. The question by an unknown independent inventor of a perpetual motion machine would be, "What constitutes a "media presence?"

Okay, first let's understand what "media presence".
There have been plenty of people who applied to the MDC, some of which were seriously ill people. On the one hand, if the JREF denies people of any sort to apply, the whole idea becomes utterly worthless as it will leave a way out for the frauds. But on the other hand, is it really okay to test someone who should be medicated or under care and possibly support their delusions further?

Thus, in order to thin the herd fairly, the demand for "media presence" was added to the MDC application. Basically, it means that in order to apply, you need to have convinced someone in the media to do a story about you. If you can't convince anyone to do that, why should you be taken seriously in the first place?

Now, does this prevent anyone from applying? Hardly.
Anyone can get their name in the paper. The fraud psychics do it all the time, some of which with really hardly any form of effort.
So if you have something that's real, you should have no problem what so ever.
 
Not to mention there are dozens of similar challenges with smaller price money all over the world, and many of those do not demand media presence. And winning any one of those would certainly be enough presence for the million dollar challenge.
 
Not to mention there are dozens of similar challenges with smaller price money all over the world, and many of those do not demand media presence. And winning any one of those would certainly be enough presence for the million dollar challenge.

Speaking of which, here's a list of some of those other challenges:


There's the Australian Skeptics' AU$100,000 Prize
http://www.skeptics.com.au/features/prize/

There's the IIG's US$50,000 Challenge in California, USA
http://www.iigwest.org/challenge.html

There's the North Texas Skeptic's US$12,000 Challenge in the USA
http://www.ntskeptics.org/challenge/challenge.htm

There's Prabir Ghosh's 2,000,000 Rupee Challenge in India
http://rationalistprabir.bravehost.com/

There's the Swedish 100,000SeK prize offered by Humanisterna
http://www.humanisterna.se/index.php...d=27&Itemid=49

The Tampa Bay Skeptics offers a US$1000 prize in Florida, USA
http://www.tampabayskeptics.org/challenges.html

In Canada there's the CAN$10,000 from the Quebec Skeptics
http://www.sceptiques.qc.ca/activites/defi

In the UK, the ASKE organization offers £14,000
http://www.aske-skeptics.org.uk/challenge_rules.htm

Tony Youens in the UK offers £5,000
http://www.tonyyouens.com/challenge.htm

In Finland, Skepsis offers 10,000 Euros
http://www.skepsis.fi/haaste/

The Fayetteville Freethinkers in Arkansas, USA offer a US$1000 prize
http://fayfreethinkers.com/

There's a 1,000,000 Yuan prize in China offered by Sima Nan
I've found a lot written about it, but no official web address for it. If anyone's got one, let me know.

The Belgian SKEPP organization offers a 10,500 Euro prize
I can't seem to make their link work. If anyone else can or knows of an update, let me know.
http://www.skepp.be/prijzen/de-sisyphus-prijs/

Ward
 
@ Simon Bridge

If your machine is indeed a PMM, able to generate more energy then you put in, why even bother getting the 1 million dollar price?
Indeed - if I am in a position to claim such a thing, I'd just patent it and sell the design to an energy company for billions. A characteristic of pmm seekers is an almost paranoid distrust of pretty much everyone to the extent that is unlikely they would be able to monetise their invention even if they ever managed to get one working. That's another story.
But then again, you would have to create a working model... just that... nothing more...
Getting capital for the working model may be a bit tricky - considering the widespread disbelief in such a thing. Similarly, the distrustful inventor may harbour hopes of starting their own company to exploit the invention rather than go through the whole publishing and nobel committee stuff.

However, you have misunderstood the intent of my posts here.

Let me make myself plain: I am a sceptic. I do not have a perpetual motion or over-unity device at any stage of construction, nor do I expect to have any in the future. I do have a number of designs as exercises for students to debunk - which may be splitting hairs a bit, but I do not expect anyone to believe that these designs are anything other than teaching aids.

For the topic of this thread please read the first post. There was some discussion of what sort of thing would be testable for the purposes of a MDC. I pointed out:
...there exist circumstances in which it is possible to demonstrate the validity of a devices operation without having a working device handy.

In the particular case of pmm:
http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/museum/test-pm.htm
For some reason this simple claim has been disputed - I am not clear as to why. I suspect there has been a misunderstanding.

Please follow the link before responding. Anyone interested in the fascinating field of pmm attempts should visit Donalds museum of unworkable devices (off the same link) too.

There Donald (a sceptic) proposes a proof of concept test that pmm proponents should attempt before spending their savings and their life attempting to refine their "almost working" designs.

It is useful to consider testing non-working machines which the inventor claims are "almost working" because part of the whole point of the million dollar challenge is to put these claims to rest and it is unreasonable to expect that to happen if we have to wait around for a working machine.

In particular, people are operating scams based on these concepts - seeking investment capital to improve on them etc. So we need to be able to test a "not-yet" working machine in order to put the scams to rest.

Anyway, as everyone keeps on saying: what is the point of doing the MDC at all if you actually have a working machine? Just go for the billions! The only reason for wanting the prize is if the machine does not work.

This is quite different from other categories under test, where the psychic or whatever is expected to go about their work unassisted.

This is also technically different from testing for perpetual motion - since the machine does not work we are, instead, testing for a related effect - say: an extraordinary change in moment of inertia of a wheel. Perhaps that sort of description will be more acceptable here?

Please bear in mind that we fulfil the aims of the MDC more effectively if people are attracted to it - and actually sign on for testing. They are more likely to do so if they perceive that there is a sympathetic reception. We can do this without compromising our core values so why not?

It is possible to be sceptical without being hostile or dismissive.
 
Please bear in mind that we fulfil the aims of the MDC more effectively if people are attracted to it - and actually sign on for testing.
Not really. The challenege needs to be fair to work and that's the only requirement for it to work.

Sylvia browne continues to avoid the test, this fact is a clear statement enough on her validity but she continues to make excuses and accusations regardless.

Connie Soon took the test, she failed. She makes excuses for it just like browne does and there is no real difference between them.

I highly doubt the test has such a varying effect on either of them.

The MDC should not lower its standards just to become more popular in applications.

We can do this without compromising our core values so why not?
You are compromising your values because you fail to note that it is impossible to test a device that's not currently operational. If you test a schematic rather than a working prototype or even just a portion of the mechanism as your link suggets, it is something that has to be analyzed by people.

The whole purpose of the MDC is to find objective terms for the test. So there are no judges and you cannot say they either lied on purpose or are too stupid to understand what you want to show them.

It is possible to be sceptical without being hostile or dismissive.
No one is hostile for sure. As for being dismissive - It's not dismissive to state that you want evidence to back up a claim.
 
Indeed - if I am in a position to claim such a thing, I'd just patent it and sell the design to an energy company for billions. ...

It is at least conceivable to imagine a pmm with no practical value. If the capital cost of the device can't be justified by the power output, there wouldn't necessarily be a market for it.

Suppose it cost $10 million and it produced 1 joule per year of heat energy. Somebody would build it for sure, but the world wouldn't be beating a path to his door for another one.

And just for the record, I am in the, pmm's are wildly likely to be impossible camp. Although, the universe has been running for 14.5 billion years or so and maybe we're just in one of an infinite number of universe cycles, and that sounds like a kind of pmm to me.
 
I think Simon means 'theoretically validate' rather than 'experimentally demonstrate' when he uses the word 'test' in context of this thread. The idea of testing something that doesn't work to discover that it doesn't work is astoundingly redundant on an absurd level, and certainly wouldn't attract anyone to the Challenge proper.

There's a saying in criminological circles that seems relevant here - "reality is too complicated for theory." It's often told to young know-it-all researchers like me who set out to solve the world's problems and find ourselves mired in the logistics of supplying fresh vegetables to a state prison system every month (personal example there) as a cautionary warning - don't expect many real results from theory. Ultimately all theories are broad explanations for existing phenomena under certain conditions, with better-established theories having identified more and more criterion through intense study that affect it and has been altered to match these new discoveries.

For example, it's theoretically quite probable that my automobile will turn on when I turn the key - it's done so for years, chronologically it's an excellent bet. Judging purely by theory, the car should start when the key is turned... but maybe I had to remove the spark plugs last night to replace them this morning. Maybe I took the car into the shop yesterday evening to have the tires rotated and the brake lights examined. Maybe the frictionless surface the PMM applicant invented only appears frictionless for about fifteen minutes before noticeable drag occurs. Maybe the battery used to power the device is leaking, rendering the entire test moot.

Only experimentation has the answers to these maybes, and if the goal is a working machine (be it a PMM or my car, it's selfish of me to prefer the latter but I do) we need to take the machine out of the realms of theory and test the darn thing. Test it again and again and again. Figure out what works and try innovative solutions to amend the difficulties. This is science in a nutshell - repeated failures identifying components to eventual success.

The Challenge isn't entirely science, but with a million dollars on the line the wise inventor will certainly look into it.

~ Matt
 
Concerning perpetual motion, I used to think that it was probably impossible, as no one has done it. Then I read about Bessler's wheels. I'm well versed in engineering knowledge and Bessler's story interested me. What if Bessler was right? What if there is some simple method that will cause a wheel to keep rotating and even produce extra energy? I'm not so arrogant to think that mankind knows all there is about such things.

So I studied and learned all I could about this Bessler guy and his wheels. I discovered that the wheels' output were more than could be stored inside the wheels. If the output came from any form of dropping weight then there is only a certain volume of space inside each wheel for the weight to drop. The volume was not big enough compared to the historical records of the output. The same thing was true for any windup method.

This I found interesting. If Bessler was a fraud then how did he pull it off? Or maybe Bessler was telling the truth? After all, he did offer his head as a guarantee saying they could behead him if a buyer found the wheel to be anything other than true perpetual motion.

In my search I found what I think powered his wheels. I also found a related method whereby a large spinning wheel might be able to harness the Eötvös effect where gravity measurements are greater when moving east than when moving west due to changes of centrifugal force caused by the motion of the observer.

Such wheels would appear to be perpetual motion machines. They would continue to rotate while producing usable work. They would have no tangible input of force or energy. Tangible means anything that can be blocked or shielded. Thus variations in gravity due to a weight moving east then west would not be tangible for it could not be shielded from entering into the wheel.

Then the question becomes whether such machines would really be perpetual motion. Most dictionaries define PM as being impossible because they say one cannot get energy from nothing. So what would we label such machines as I propose? Are they perpetual motion? Similarly, if one were to harness the changing gravity on Earth caused by the Moon one could produce a machine capable of moving forever until worn out. It would be classical perpetual motion. But it would not be scientific perpetual motion.

PS. The wheel powered by the Eötvös effect would not be economically viable as its output would barely overcome friction.
 
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Then the question becomes whether such machines would really be perpetual motion.

No, they wouldn't. The energy to power such machines does not come from nowhere and, importantly, there is not an infinite amount of it available. Such a machine could not run perpetually because it would eventually reduce the Earth's rotation to nothing.

Similarly, if one were to harness the changing gravity on Earth caused by the Moon one could produce a machine capable of moving forever until worn out. It would be classical perpetual motion.

No it wouldn't, it would be a tidal generator. We already have those. And again, they cannot run forever because they have a known source of finite energy, which is depleted by their use.

All you're really talking about is renewable energy sources. These are called "renewable" because their ultimate energy sources are large enough that the amount of energy we'd be taking out would be relatively insignificant in comparison. But they're not perpetual motion because we know perfectly well where the energy comes from and that there is not actually an infinite amount available.
 
Isn't there also a requirement for PMMs to be a closed system?
If a machine were taking gravity as a power source, it wouldn't be a closed system.

The true PMM would have to generate it's own energy in order to run it's self.

Not that it will ever happen of course.
 
Not really. The challenge needs to be fair to work and that's the only requirement for it to work.
It also needs to be accepted - people have to present themselves to be tested. Being fair is important, but not sufficient for that, our target audience also needs to see that it is fair. It's like the old saw about justice.
Sylvia browne continues to avoid the test, this fact is a clear statement enough on her validity but she continues to make excuses and accusations regardless.

Connie Soon took the test, she failed. She makes excuses for it just like Browne does and there is no real difference between them.
Do we really expect the test to change the attitudes of people like Connie and Sylvia? Surely the point is to generate discussion, provide sceptics with a re-joiner, and provide an education point for the observers ... the people who may otherwise find these claims convincing? The exact aims are spelled out.

I submit that the MDC will better fulfil its aims with regard to pmm if people get tested than if they don't. It is possible to fulfil these aims without - just not as well. You have countered that we don't need to test to fulfil the aims - fine: that is not being disputed.

The MDC should not lower its standards just to become more popular in applications.
But I am not advocating lowering standards. In fact, my proposal would increase standards for entry by insisting that a specific class of definitive empirical test be carried out to make a pmm eligible for consideration.

It is a characteristic of pmm work that those doing the work studiously avoid this sort of testing. We should encourage them to take this step should we not?

You are compromising your values because you fail to note that it is impossible to test a device that's not currently operational.
<digression>Then substantiate the claim: What is the value that is being compromised? How? Without substantiation, are you not just dismissing my claims out of hand? After all, I have supplied you with examples to illustrate what I mean. How would you feel if I just responded "well, you are compromising your values by failing to note that it has to be possible to test non-operational devices." without support?</digression>

If we insist that a pmm must work in order to be a candidate for testing, then no pmm proposal can ever be considered because none of them can ever work. Perhaps what you mean is that we can only consider for testing those machines which are claimed to be working - and appear to be doing something? Perhaps you mean that the claimant must produce a machine that demonstrably does work, and we test to see if it is a pmm (or just a normal engine like we are used to.)

There is a problem with terminology - we should not refer to working or operational PM machines a-priori since this is what the test is supposed to determine. It is a discipline in science to avoid prejudicial language. We can only test proposals, propositions, and claims.

It is possible to test a device that is not (known to be) currently operational. To illustrate what I mean: Edison (probably, his employees) tested 1000s of non or insufficiently operational light bulbs before hitting on the final "working" configuration.

With that in mind: I have provided an example, actually several, on the link. How does that example not measure up?

Here is another example:
http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/museum/smot.htm

Perhaps what is really needed is a neutrally worded description of how you would be able to tell that a claimed pmm was suitable for testing for the MDC?

In a nutshell, that is the key question in the first post.

Of course technically what I have proposed is not a test of a pmm. at all.

For example - in Donalds examples (links), the claim being tested is not "this is a pmm" - but that "the moving weights help the wheel move". If this claim is born out, with sufficient attention paid to the controls, then it would appear that something sufficiently extraordinary is happening to warrant the attention of the JREF. We'd want to see a refined test of the claim: "the moving weights help the wheel move to such an extent that, should other dissipative effects be sufficiently reduced, it would constitute a perpetual motion machine." Which is a trickier, but possible, test.

So, strictly speaking, the pmm has not been tested exactly because it does not work. I have asserted that this sort of test can constitute an indirect test of the concepts behind the design. And it is possible to construct such a test so that its outcome is not a matter of opinion or interpretation.

An alternative way of describing Donalds example is to point out that the proposed test actually measures the efficiency of the wheel in storing energy - the wheel, then, includes a working over-unity device.

Provide the initial acceleration to the wheel with a weight falling a certain distance. The wheel probably has an axle. Put a peg in the axle, and fasten a string on that peg. Wind up the string around the axle. Hang a weight on the other end of the string. Now tinker a bit, so that the weight is large enough to give a brisk rpm to the wheel as the weight "falls" to the floor, but takes a reasonably long time to do so, perhaps at least 10 or 20 seconds. Make sure it gets moving fast enough that the wheel's performance enhancing mechanisms are actually operating. Now time the weight's fall with a good stopwatch in two cases: (1) with all your performance enhancing mechanisms working and (2) with those mechanisms disabled.
--- from the web page.
... so the "enhancing mechanisms" are the working over-unity device for the purposes of the MDC, they just happen to be utilised in a lossy way (it is claimed). Their energy enhancing effect is revealed by the test... if they really work.

The device is "operational" in the sense that it is [appears to be] doing something paranormal which is consistent with the requirements of the MDC.
 
I think Simon means 'theoretically validate' rather than 'experimentally demonstrate' when he uses the word 'test' in context of this thread.
The validation or otherwise would be the point of conducting the test. Did you visit the examples?
The idea of testing something that doesn't work to discover that it doesn't work is astoundingly redundant on an absurd level, and certainly wouldn't attract anyone to the Challenge proper.
Similarly, only testing things that do work. You may be onto something with the semantics, and my posts do need to be considered in context of the first post.
There's a saying in criminological circles that seems relevant here - "reality is too complicated for theory."
That is because the term "theory" in this saying is being used imprecisely to refer to a rule of thumb or an accepted bit of info. Its a warning against the kind of thing Doyle has Sherlock Holmes do. Its also why those crime procedural TV shows like CSI are pretty much rubbish.

In real life you don't find only one hair on the suspect carseat - there's gazillions of bits of trace evidence. The mud on the suspects shoes is usually just mud, and innocent people lie for all kinds of reasons.

It's often told to young know-it-all researchers like me
science researchers get something similar - its part of the discipline. What you think you know can usefully inform an investigation but it is not all the investigation.
For example, it's theoretically quite probable that my automobile will turn on when I turn the key - it's done so for years, chronologically it's an excellent bet. Judging purely by theory, the car should start when the key is turned...
Strictly speaking it is not a theory but a proposition - "this car will start when I turn the key" - technically your theory is that the car is highly likely to start once the key is turned, provided nothing else has changed since the last time, because it has always started before. You test the proposition by turning the key. See what I mean by being imprecise: we don't normally talk this way?

It is also formulated from an inductive argument, which has its own problems. Scientific theories are deductive. Criminology and criminal investigation is difficult because the number of variables mean that reliable practical theories are very difficult to construct. All we can do is produce a collection of working models which can be applied to differing degrees as the circumstances seem to suggest them. We are lucky that smart criminals seem to be pretty rare (or are so smart that they become lawyers and change the law so what they do is not actually illegal but that's a different subject.) The kind of scientific rigour needed for the MDC is not normally applied to a criminal investigation - fortunately investigators are careful not to make any paranormal claims ... certain psychics notwithstanding.

Only experimentation has the answers to these maybes,
Yep - we gotta actually do the test in the real world - you can work out a lot by logic and analysis but some things you just have to go look. That's called Empiricism. There exist some synthetic propositions whose truth cannot be known a-priori.

It is possible to get a long way considering schematics and theoretical relations - but for the purposes of the MDC it has to be concrete in some way.

Early flying machine proposals looked good on paper but did not work (they tended to rely on scaling up birds and aerodynamics does not scale like that), you had to build the thing and a lot of people got hurt. OTOH: the Wright bros first machine didn't look that great on testing either. I can come up with any number of PMM designs that look good on paper and even have authentic (though incomplete) math to support them. Build the thing and it doesn't move - fails the kind of test I've proposed.

The Challenge isn't entirely science, but with a million dollars on the line the wise inventor will certainly look into it.

~ Matt

Thanks Matt.

Of course, the PMM world does not like to actually do the kind of experiment that stands a chance of discovering anything they don't want to know. But with a million bucks up for grabs, that's a hell of an incentive.

When someone comes along and says "what do I need to do" like this and we say "well, it has to be working" then that's just an incentive to keep fiddling the way they always have. You know and I know that they will never have something that works. That's going backwards!

What we need to do is encourage (incentivise?) the honest wannabes to go ahead and do the definitive test (we don't seem to be picking up the actual fraudsters in this field). This has the best chance of affecting their behaviour, and the behaviour of people they tell. It won't get everyone, maybe not even a majority, but it has to be better than encouraging continued perseverance in the same old rut and it doesn't cost anything.

I'm not guessing, I've personally done it this way.
 
I'll tell you what's perpetual--this thread. Jeez. Five years of jabbering on and on and, quelle surprise, none of the pmm builders have gotten any further. Might as well check the Bigfoot threads, to see if anyone has found him yet.
 
Isn't there also a requirement for PMMs to be a closed system?
If a machine were taking gravity as a power source, it wouldn't be a closed system.

The true PMM would have to generate it's own energy in order to run it's self.

Not that it will ever happen of course.
We usually include devices that operate by supernatural or over-extraordinary means in the same category I think.

If it gets its extra energy from magic, universal love, psychic rays, pyramid power, orgone energy, dark matter, or the zero point field, we should probably allow it.

Would the gyrogenerator (2nd example) qualify? It is not PMM, but if it worked it would be pretty sensational.

OTOH: How many of these are suitable for consideration. I'd say, the top ones - certainly not. The transport ones may be, but we'd want to test scale models.

Like any field of investigation we can expect to see overlap with other fields and it is probably more important to concentrate on the existence of paranormal claims than taxonomy.
 
Nice thought expiriment...

- Create a PMM
- Attach the PMM to a energy-> matter transfer unit
- Shoot the thing into space
- Let the amount of energy/mass build up
- Watch it become a black hole

I tell you, PMM's are dangerous!!!!!!
 

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