Yes, it does open up some unpleasant possibilities, but remember, that part of my argument was descriptive, not prescriptive. So your objection is an appeal to consequences fallacy.
Either you just up-turned hundreds of years of work from moral and political theorists, or you made an elementary error. Your argument is like saying the second law of thermodynamics invalidates evolution.
First, appeal to consequences: If a person argues "a widespread belief in atheism leads to war, depression and mass-suicide, therefore atheism is false," then he's appealing to consequences. Atheism is true or false regardless of what people choose to do. Now, he argued that promoting atheism leads to war/depression/mass-suicide, and therefore we should not promote it, then that's another matter.
Second, I do not think you have the slightest idea what social contract theory entails, as broadly understood. You're in the realm of moral relativism, and Kevin's above criticisms apply. A social contract is a fiction, one humans create precisely to avoid the negative consequences of a state of nature, where there is a "war of all against all" and life is "nasty, brutish, and short." If your project is descriptivist, then these implicit appeals to the demos is also unjustified. Instead, what it is... is, which means dictatorship and tyranny.
The fact is that we do legislate emotions, laws are passed by humans, gay marriage is illegal for mostly emotional reasons. This inarguably results in a lot of terrible laws, but recognition of emotional harm as real harm results in a lot of positive legal frameworks too.
How can you say any law is "terrible" or that gay marriage is illegal for "mostly emotional reasons"? If gays could marry then it might be for mostly logical reasons?
That's why we have crimes like harassment. That's why civil courts look at emotional cruelty in divorce proceedings and in awarding damages for emotional distress. That's why, when a child is sexually assaulted by a stranger, who does no physical damage, we have a charge we can press.
You're equivocating. There's a difference between emotion as a value and emotion as a decision-making tool.
To answer your question about different societies with different values, it would depend how these cultures interacted with the broader world. A self contained society that banned all meat consumption, that banned only certain animals, or one that allowed animal cruelty could all be internally consistent. And, in fact, historically, we've had all of these. You're right, I can't find any basis to judge them, but I also can't find any reason to judge them until they come into active contact with a society that doesn't share their values.
This is symptomatic of moral relativism.
No, I'd say that to be logical, before Paul [I think you mean Peter] has to defend himself against a murder charge, we must first understand why murder must be prohibited. Only then does he require an excuse, when the prohibition has been established to be rational.
Hold the phone. There's no reason why murder -- or what we may call murder "must" be prohibited. That's for this
society to decide *obedient head-bobbing*.
I've laid out a rational and consistent prohibition against murder that does not include the protection of animals. You have yet to create a similar argument that includes animals aside from the bare assertion that harming a feeling being is 'wrong'.
If by rational you mean "based on emotions" and if by consistent you mean "whatever our emotions tell us," then yes, I suppose you did.
Suppose a social contract society has a policy of racial discrimination where some minority group is bred and eaten. Now, even though I'm a member of the dominant group I think this policy of eating X minority is wrong. Oops mistaken. What sort of arguments do I have at my disposal?
In the case of animals we have compared marginal cases: a baby versus a chimp, a developmentally disabled human versus a dolphin. What are the vitally important moral differences? Doesn't matter, you say because people have an affinity for babies.
There are three main reasons that children and the developmentally disabled are protected.
Yeah, this is nonsense, and the first two are not even necessary. It's more of the same moral relativism and all of the familiar criticisms apply.
--------------------------
Cyborg:
If the killer whale drops the seal is it moral?
If I don't corral the seals and wait a little longer for nature to take its course is it moral?
Then it would seem fine.
I think at this point we can just see that you use the word "vegan" as a synonym, "I'm just a plain better person than you, you stupid, stupid igonorant idiot!!! But please don't ask me to quantify anything, math is hard."
So in other words you're pulling this all out of your ass but you still feel you've got the moral high-ground. How predictable.
Look at you flail. Are you shaking. As for this straw man, I wonder, do you expect hard moral calculations with "computational thresh-holds" when it comes to consuming goods with raw materials that came from different mines? Unions vs. non-unions vs. slave labor? Must we calculate the carbon foot print?
----------------------
Mirrorglass:
Personally, I don't consider conditioned responses to be "anticipating the future to a great extent". Heck, a flytrap closing when a fly gets stuck on it shows about the same level of anticipation as a dog does when subjected to classical conditioning.
Do you know of any organism that anticipates the future without the aide of conditioning? Examples.
[On this highly idiosyncratic view divorced from any common meaning, babies cannot suffer] I never said they could. The second two [children and toddlers] are already capable of speech, language and basic abstract thinking, though.
Uh-huh. We're straying from the central point which is that you arbitrarily privilege one group over another. If you're willing to grant babies protections that you are unwilling to grant animals, why? Since suffering -- even your "understanding," such as it is -- is not a factor, then what explains the differences in treatment?
Re: If "cows know they will die," or "know what the concept of death is" which means pretty much the "same thing."
I doubt cows know they will die.
But I have good reason to [eat animals]. That's enough for me.
And that good reason would be...
That doesn't follow. It's the suffering that matters. It doesn't matter whether we see the violence, if it's being perpetrated anyway.
Negative. You're contradicting yourself in a couple of ways. First, the animals do not suffer because suffering is something only humans with an abstract concept of suffering can blah blah blah. Second, if you take the Kantian view seriously it's NOT the suffering that matters. What matters is how the suffering effects humans, and I think it's safe to say humans are less effected by meat production when we do not see or think about it. Or, as Paul McCartney's fond of saying, "If slaughterhouses had glass walls, everybody would become a vegetarian."
True. Which is precisely why I don't subscribe to your view; you haven't even thought about the long-term consequences.
Yeah, I have no idea what to do with the cows. People ask me all the time, "so let's say everyone becomes a vegetarian, where do we put the animals?" It's a well thought-out question.
Referring to playing soccer with embryos.. this also demonstrates an interesting point. You find that concept "funny", and you've repeatedly demonstrated you enjoy insulting people. You're also clearly provoking me, hoping I'll lose my temper. Don't any of these acts seem immoral to you? You're essentially trying to hurt me emotionally.
Alternatively, if you truly think this is the best possible way to convert people to vegans.. well, I guess there's no stopping you. Let me just ask you this: how many people have you converted to your opinion by calling them idiots?
Which insults? When I asked why you were in ****y mood? Like Cyborg, my policy has been to respond in kind. Unless I'm mocking something idiotic. As for the dark sense of humor, I don't hope anyone loses their temper. And I'm not trying to convert anyone. I don't know who said it, but like theology, speciesism is a stone wall -- an ideal whetstone for the steely mind.
Yep. All they need is food, shelter and social contact, all of which people will usually provide out of natural instinct, without need for abstract moral consideration. That's enough for me.
So it's an unexamined faith.
However, your idea that it's okay to kill a person before they become a moral agent doesn't sit well with me.
I make a distinction between a moral patient and a moral agent, so it's not OK to kill prior to developing a sense of right and wrong. I do agree it's more difficult to reconcile from your monochromatic view.
What about a person who's asleep, or comatose? They don't think, and if you kill them quickly, they won't suffer. They had no hopes or expectations at the moment you killed them, and their potentiality to wake up doesn't matter. Why do you consider it immoral to murder people in their sleep?
Because it's not living moment to moment; it has an interest in the future. I discussed this already.
Excellent. We agree that the richness of mental life matters in moral considerations. Now what you need to understand is that I believe it's the only thing that matters. All of my moral rules stem from only caring about humans.
See, the inconsistencies bother me. If "richness of mental life" was really "the only thing that matters" then you would not save embryos over five year-olds, unless...
If it's really hard for you to understand my reasoning, take a look at the consequences of each choice. If I save the five-year old, five years from now there will be one ten-year old I saved. If I save the embryos, in five years the number of people I saved will be twelve. To me, consequences matter a great deal, much more than the morality of an act viewed out of context.
The implanted embryos are replaceable. The five year-old is not. Assuming artificial wombs are not used at capacity -- and you never sought this clarification since you make things up as we go along -- then saving the child would have meant that in two and half years you'd have one seven year old and a dozen two year-olds. (Also, your view implies birth control is used immorally.)
-------------------
Morrigan:
Ah! A Randroid. That explains everything.
As mentioned, you're confusing an objectivist with an Objectivist. A little embarrassing, but hey, why bother
reading, or knowing things? Stupid vegans!