Is it too late to ask if you know about the Drake Equation? By know, I mean prior to posting here,
not a quick Google to Wiki.
I can get you one better: check out this page from The Astronomical Society of the Pacific, in this case relating to a series of astronomy lectures at Foothill College. They are all interesting, but a couple jump out. All lectures are 45 minutes to an hour. Not a hotlink (I need more posts, sorry!) but the url is, in part:
astrosociety.org/education/podcast/index.html
1) Dr. Francis Drake himself presented a lecture discussing his famous equation, how it originated, and the ways it has both influenced science
and been changed (affected? what's the right word here?) by science. His is the last one at the bottom of the page. He covers the scope of everything makayla has asked about and more. He also covers the point (or I think he does anyway) that "life" doesn't have to be "life has we know it" or even intelligent. That last point may have been in another of the lectures, so I apologize if I am mistaken there.
If you only listen to one, listen to this one.
2) Dr. Jill Tarter from SETI discusses the search for intelligent life using radio telescopes, what they have and have not discovered, and what they hope to accomplish in the future. Hers is #3 on that page.
3) Dr. Geoff Marcy from UCBerkeley. I have not listened to this lecture yet, but it is titled "New Worlds and Yellowstone: How Common are Habitable Planets?". Sounds promising.
4) Dr. Janice Voss, a researcher at NASA Ames in San Jose, CA discusses the search for other planets and NASA's Kepler Mission. Her lecture is #9 on the list.
5) Dr. Dana Beckman from SETI as well as The Astronomical Society of the Pacific discusses planet formation as well in lecture #7.
As I said, all the lectures are interesting, but those five in particular relate to the subject at hand. You can click on the 'listen' link next to each lecture summary and listen through your browser, or you can download the file as an .mp3 file. To do this, right click (on a PC) and choose "save file as". Not sure how to do it on a Mac, though there is a way.