I know that several shuttered during the pandemic, but some have re-opened. That can be for all kinds of different reasons though. Could be an old inefficient plant for one.
The number of operable refineries in the United States decreased to 129 at the beginning of 2023, down from 130 refineries at the beginning of 2022. The single refinery closure reflects the loss of a small facility in Santa Maria, California, that had 9,500 b/cd of crude oil distillation capacity. Despite the loss of the Santa Maria plant, total U.S. capacity increased because PBF Energy reactivated a previously retired crude oil distillation unit at its refinery in Paulsboro, New Jersey. The unit’s crude oil capacity increased from 100,000 b/cd in 2022 to 160,000 b/cd in 2023.
The 2023 Refinery Capacity Report does not reflect changes in U.S. refining capacity after January 1, 2023. ExxonMobil announced the completion of a major refinery capacity addition in mid-March, boosting the facility’s total crude oil distillation capacity by 250,000 barrels per day (b/d) to 630,000 b/d, according to the announcement. This new estimated capacity is reflected in our monthly data as of our May Petroleum Supply Monthly, and we will include an exact measure in calendar-day capacity and stream-day capacity in next year’s Refinery Capacity Report.
per official source:
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/d...rude oil distillation,a 1% increase from 2022.
I'm 100% not saying oil co's are saints or anything, but theres so much competition that no one but the OPEC cartel can really manipulate crude prices. And the capital expenditure, shutdown/startup costs, and lead times for refineries is such that it would be very difficult to manipulate prices that way.
Another thing many people don't know is any release from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve MUST be sold to the highest bidder... which is why we were exporting crude to China in 2022.
https://www.energy.gov/ceser/articles/fact-sheet-strategic-petroleum-reserve