The talks represent a thaw of sorts: Officials had been meeting biannually to discuss migration since the 1990s. Four years ago, the meetings stopped, after the Trump administration effectively shuttered U.S. immigration operations in its Havana embassy over concerns sparked by the much-hyped ailment known as “Havana Syndrome.”
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Bolter said that a number of push and pull factors are convincing Cubans to make the journey to the U.S.-Mexican border: An embargo-crippled economy—made worse by a pandemic-induced drop in tourism, a repressive political environment, as well as an easier travel route via Nicaragua, which has dropped transit visa requirements for Cuban nationals.
But the United States shares much of the blame. Cubans have been all but frozen out of the U.S. visa system by the Trump-era decision to halt operations in Havana. (Thanks to a series of laws passed since the Cold War, Cubans receive preferential treatment in U.S. immigration policy. For example, under U.S. law, the U.S. can legally admit at least 20,000 Cubans each year, and Cubans who arrive legally and stay for one year can apply for permanent residency, a process that takes at least three times as long for other arrivals).
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“A broader, larger dialogue is definitely needed,” Nodarse Venancio said. “But also the Biden administration needs to keep their word, because it cannot only be about having Cuba accept deportees. If the situation on the island does not improve, then it’s not going to dissuade Cubans from migrating.”
U.S. and Cuba Hold First Migration Talks in Four Years (Foreign Policy, April 21, 2022)