Hi dear friend. The answer below is about estimating the lifespan of the universe so far. Also the answer to the question of the seven heavens in the Qur'an. Please read. Thanks:
In cosmology, physics refers to the "life of the universe" as the time elapsed since the BIG BANG. That is, it is assumed that the beginning of the universe (creation) coincided with the BIG BANG phenomenon.
The best estimate that physicists have ever made of the life of the universe is 13.75 billion years (with an error of about 120 million years). This is the last estimate of the lifespan of the universe. And according to the data and information obtained from the WMAP spacecraft. WMAP stands for Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).(Wickelson Microwave Anisotropy Probe)
The spacecraft was sent into space by NASA to study and measure the temperature of cosmic background radiation (fossil radiation left over from the Big Bang).
The project is led by Charles L. Bennett of Johns Hopkins University.This 13.75 billion years (with an error of about 120 million years) is the last estimate for the life of the universe. This number was announced in 2010.
If we look at the history of scientists estimating the life of the universe, we come across some interesting numbers.
One theory was called the Steady State Theory. The "steady state theory" was not believed by the physicists and cosmologists at the time of the Big Bang and Big Bang models. Due to the expansion of the universe, new matter was created in the form of hydrogen in the space between them. This newly created hydrogen eventually creates new galaxies, thus keeping the observed density of galaxies constant. The universe has neither a beginning nor an end, and will remain stable, as the name implies. Because new matter is always being created, it is also called Continuous Creation Theory. After the publication of Einstein's theory of general relativity in 1915, a man named Georges Edward Lumetre published a book in 1933. In this book, Lumeter used Einstein's theory to show that the universe must have started with a big bang. The presentation of the big bang theory comes to Mr. Lumetre for the first time. He used Einstein's theory of relativity and showed that according to this theory, the universe could not remain fixed and unchanged. It is very interesting and funny. Einstein did not accept the idea presented by him after hearing Lumetre's comments, but he knew that his arguments were also correct. On the other hand, he did not want to accept the idea of the big bang. He wanted to get rid of it. Anyway, Einstein set to work and to solve this problem he introduced something new in his theory so that both his theory and the steady state theory would still be correct. He introduced his theory and formulas and called the cosmological constant COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT.
The first astronomical observations that showed the existence of the Big Bang, which practically showed that the universe and the universe are still growing and expanding, were presented by Edwin Hubble.
He examined the light coming from different galaxies. He was surprised to find that most of the galaxies that reach us are drawn to the red spectrum.
what does it mean?
I explain. Suppose an ambulance approaches you. When it approaches you, you hear the sound of the siren at a higher frequency, and when it moves away from you, you hear the sound of the alarm at a lower frequency.
Familiar is not it? Yes, this is the Doppler theorem that we have been taught in science textbooks at school. Put the galaxy instead of the ambulance. Put the galaxy light instead of the ambulance. Yes, Hubble observed that the light of the galaxies is drawn towards the red spectrum. Its frequency has decreased. It means that it is moving away from us. Why ?
Why should most of the galaxies we see be moving away from us?
Suppose the universe is a cake. A raisin cake. Think of each galaxy as a galaxy.
When you put the cake in the oven, the cake swells and grows and swells. In this case, all the raisins are moving away from each other.
Exactly what is seen in the universe. Exactly what Edwin Hubble observed. It turned out that Einstein was wrong and that the universe was growing and inflating.
The universe is expanding. If this movie is the other way around, it means that all these curds were gathered in one place one day. At the moment of the initial explosion.Hubble did not have a good estimate of this time. His error in measuring the lifespan of the universe was very large. In 2010, WMAP introduced 13.75 billion years of experimental evidence (with an error of about 120 million years).
A new theory about the origin of the universe by
Two British scientists, Stephen Hawking and Neil Torok, claimed in 1998 that "the universe was no more than a pea before the Big Bang 12 billion years ago." Eight years later, in 2006, a joint team of American and British scientists proposed a new theory of the evolution of the universe. The theory is that the universe is likely to go through a cycle of which Big Bangs are only a part, and that it also includes Big Crunches. This theory challenges the conventional view of the universe, which is based on observations dating back 12 to 14 billion years. This theory is also called the Cyclic Model.
The theory is that the universe is likely to go through a cycle of which Big Bangs are a part and also includes Big Crunches. This theory challenges the conventional view of the universe, which is based on observations dating back 12 to 14 billion years.And Cyclic Model Theory
He says the universe is probably going through a cycle of which Big Bangs are just a part, and it also includes Big Crunches. This theory challenges the conventional view of the universe, which is based on observations dating back 12 to 14 billion years. A new idea reflected in the journal Science may explain why the universe is expanding rapidly. Professor Paul Stein Hart of Princeton University in New Jersey, who co-founded the theory, said:The new idea is based on previous studies by the same group of researchers and calls into question the current model of the universe. In the 1920s, when Einstein was developing the theory of general relativity, he introduced a cosmic constant to explain his idea of a static world. Einstein's equations predicted that the universe would collapse under the pressure of gravity, while observations made it clear that the universe was not shrinking. Gravity resists.
This concept was discarded after observations showed that the universe was expanding, leading Einstein to describe the cosmic constant as the biggest mistake of his career. In 1998, a new form of cosmic constant emerged, and it was then that it became clear that the expansion of the universe was actually accelerating.
Professor Neil Torok of the University of Cambridge said:
"When the magnitude of this cosmic constant was calculated, it turned out to be much smaller than expected. Why this constant is so small has become one of the biggest questions in physics. "Right now, the only explanation for that is that maybe this is how the world works." This theory leaves many questions unanswered, but now Professors Steinhart and Torok have proposed a new theory to explain why the cosmological constant is small. They say that time actually began before the Big Bang, that is, before that there was another world. It also means that the present world is much older than it is today. Make a call.
The two worlds are eventually pulled together by the force of gravity and collide. This means that what is happening now will help create another world in the future.
