Our answer is an induction from our experience of this class of thing. It is not licence to extrapolate to something we have never experienced first hand causation for. We have to hypothesise and test against observation for DNA.
…at the risk of joining the enemy…(how does that go?…the enemy of my enemy is my friend…but that’s just way too melodramatic…I prefer Seinfeld anyway).
…funny this. The degree to which everyone screams that science describes / predicts / explains everything…until the implications are laid on the table. What explains this simple fact (not to mention…what explains how / why human consciousness possesses this capacity in the first place) (…IOW…is E=mc
2 merely a coincidence?). Cognitive theory…yech!
Does the universe operate according to rules? It certainly seems to be the case…if for no other reason than that everyone here never stops insisting that this is so.
And yet nature does create those things because humans are natural and are bound by exactly the same laws of physics and chemistry as everything else.
IOW…the universe does not operate according to energy, or matter, or forces…it operates according to rules. If ‘this’ happens…then ‘that’ will happen. Rules / patterns implicate information / intelligence. Certainly according to SETI…if nothing else.
What is the explicit relationship between the ‘rules’ and the activity of reality?
Nobody actually knows that there is one (apart from our own dirty little hands)…or that there isn’t. But, as ehcks quite helpfully illustrated…everyone certainly behaves as if it’s a forgone conclusion.
Neither. A newspaper emerges from the efforts of many, competing "designers" - none of whom directs the whole show, nor can. The task is beyond that of an intelligence we are aware of, in the same manner that language itself is not intelligently designed but emerges from a stew of both intended and unintended interactions.
…so, intelligent designers then. That it would be beyond the ability of any intelligence we know of is merely an argument from ignorance. When did you (or I) become the metric by which all intelligence is measured? Not to mention…who possess what capacity to adjudicate who (or what) has what capacity for intelligence? One does not have to travel too far in this world to come to the very convincing conclusion that there are some whose capacity to adjudicate intelligence is not just greater, but far greater…than others.
How to define intelligence?...the capacity to accurately understand what is perceived / experienced…including intelligence itself.
Language emerges from god-knows-where god-knows-how. Insisting that it is not ‘intelligently-designed’ is an assumption. If, in fact, this universe is ‘intelligently designed’ (whatever the eff that might mean)…then it might be reasonable to conclude that language is also intelligently designed.
Nice dodge. There is no god.
…and you know this how? If there were (or is)(a God), how do you know you would possess the capacity to adjudicate such a thing? Come to think of it…by any reasonable argument, you wouldn’t have a clue. A ‘God’ (presumably) has the capacity to create universes and such (15 billion years old by 15 billion light years across…give or take a few zero’s)…while you arrived certainly no more than a few decades ago, you arguably have no idea what you are, and you will vanish any day (going you-have-no-idea-where).
So by what reasonable argument could you or anyone like you expect to possess the capacity to intelligibly adjudicate something on the scale of a God?
Daniel, you seem to be missing the salient point of this quote you mined. Paul Davies is NOT saying DNA equals information or software. He is saying it is best described as information or software.
It is not a scientific fact he is stating, it is an analogy.
Here is the quote again, with added context, with Daniel's scare formatting removed, and my bolding on the salient point of the quote.
He is not saying it is, but it can be thought of in that way. It doesn't, but it is the closest analogy to it that most people would understand. Analogy is not fact.
Not yet it isn't. There are innumerable things described analogously that are presumed to have some manner of factual existence. I would say your paradigm is somewhat frayed.
…actually, there is no such thing as an empirical definition for the word ‘information’ (come to think of it…there’s no empirical definition for the word empirical either). Analogy is all we have….which does not mean there is no such thing of course. That would be the equivalent of denying our own existence…since we seem to exist as information. How curious is that. We exist as what our universe seems to exist as. What a coincidence!
…and I guess I’d have to disagree with Daniel on the ‘information’ thing. I think he’s trying to prop up his DNA / life argument (not unreasonably but, as turingtest arduously argued…there are speed-bumps on the meandering road to metaphysical harmony). I’d say the whole shebang is information, with what we call life being a very directed version of it. I find it truly amusing the apoplectic contortions so many undertake in their hopeless attempts to argue that NOTHING guided this whole process….while at the very same time constantly screeching that the whole shebang unconditionally operates according to something whose most salient manifestation we triumphantly refer to as Quantum Mechanics (aka: rules).
Ya can’t have it both ways folks. It either follows rules, or it don’t. If it does, then the only questions are, do the rules exist…and if so…where did they come from.
First question answer: Everything seems to follow the rules so there is certainly some reason to believe such a thing has some kind of reality beyond our own minds. Considering the weirdness that occurs between concepts like ‘consciousness’, ‘informational-substrate, ‘observer-dependent-reality’, ‘non-locality’, ‘mysticism’, ‘you-name-it’…not to mention our capacity to locate, identify, comprehend, and create concepts that describe and predict just about everything to a degree of near mystical complexity, accuracy, and (according to various mathematicians)…beauty….there certainly seems to be more than some reason to believe that rules MUST have some relevance beyond the merely descriptive.
But how to falsify this little tidbit? We could insist that God do some writing on the tablets again and come clean…or some such thing. These days…I suppose divinely authored youtube video’s might be the way to go (somewhat mundane, admittedly...surely God could do something more original!).
There is, of course, hope (apart from the divine revelation thing). In a thousand years or so…when it is determined what specific bio-chemistry is required to create what specific cognitive activity…we will face head-on the paradox of meaning:
Bio-chemistry is described by physics…is described through mathematics. Mathematics is cognition. How then to resolve the function: What specific mathematics creates the specific mathematics that describes the mathematics that creates the descriptive mathematics (…better to drink heavily before attempting that one).