How are any of these questions at all relevant to what determines transcription start sites?
How is your Intelligent manipulation of it in
a TEST TUBE,
RELEVANT to this discussion in the First Place ?? i.e., it was a Straw Man and Red Herring to the discussion from Jump Street.
If you have a better theory for how proteins came to be to specifically to clean up the mess created by imperfect transcription start site selection, go ahead and post it.
1. You can't have a "
Scientific" Theory for an Unobserved Past Event sir, because you have no viable "Independent Variables" to
TEST. i.e., it's falls in the Scientific Law category.
2. "
Functional Proteins" sir and Yes, The
Only other Choice Left: they were Intelligently Designed, you surely aren't getting them "Naturally"...
First of all, The Origin of Life (Abiogenesis) Research is an INVALID Scientific Inquiry; UNLESS...somebody has OBSERVED Life from Non-Life. Why?? Well... they skipped the First Step of The Scientific Method: "Observe a Phenomenon"!! It's not "Conjure a Phenomenon" (lol).
It's Tantamount to Observing a Torch Mark on my Garage Wall; then Speculating that an Invisible Fire-Breathing Dragon caused it. And what's this??...
This is a Complete Argument from Ignorance (Fallacy) and has the Quintessential Characteristic that "it"...can NEVER be Disproved!! (How convenient).
But OOL is a special case, because what they're essentially saying with Abiogenesis is: NATURE/Natural Laws can Create Life from Non-Life.
This is still a Fallacious Argument, **and Scientific Law Violating (SEE: Law of Biogenesis) heresy, but has only ONE Category that is accessible "Nature DID IT", so it's not a COMPLETE Argument from Ignorance ( as our Invisible Fire-Breathing Dragon above). That is, we have ACCESS to the "alleged" CAUSE..."Nature". Well...
"Functional" Proteins First:
Of the ~500 Amino Acids (AA's) known, 23 of them are Alpha Amino Acids. All Life requires and exclusively uses 20 Essential Alpha AA's.
1. Please show (CITE Source) of the "Natural" Formation of ALL 20 Essential Alpha AA's from their "Building Blocks"....? (This is ONE of the dirty little secrets you never hear about, it's really quite mind numbing...but they know they can 'Whistle Past The Graveyard', because of the utter ignorance and "Blind" Faith of their target audience).
2. We could in-effect stop right here, but where's the fun in that.
3. Once you get all of the Alpha AA's "Naturally" (and...you won't), they exist "Naturally" as Stereoisomers...Enantiomers i.e., a 50/50 mix (Racemic Mixture/ Mirror Images/Chiral) Left Handed-Right Handed. But LIFE exclusively uses Left-Handed Amino's (There are Exceptions but not material and outside the scope of our discussion). To be "Functional" Proteins, you not only need their Primary Structure (Proper Sequence) but FORM (Secondary Structure) "Form = Function" motif. ONE "right-handed" AA in the chain Compromises Secondary Structure...aka: Football Bat.
In EVERY SINGLE OOL Paper with AA's/Proteins (and SUGARS---we'll get to that), take a look @ "Materials and Methods" Section

... their other dirty little secret, you'll find EVERY-SINGLE TIME the word "PURIFICATION" or equivalent (or start with them outright). Because they **sequestered**---if Proteins, then left-handed AA's are chosen...if Sugars, then right-handed ones are chosen, before they even start on their "a priori" fairytale.
**This is Investigator Interference and PROVES the need for Intelligent Agency!
4. The DeltaG for Polymerization of AA's to form Polypeptides is "Positive" i.e., Non-Spontaneous.
5. Peptide Bond Formation is "Condensation Reactions". Ahhh, That is....Peptide Bonds won't form IN WATER, from both a Thermodynamic and Kinetic point of view... Peptide Bonds won't form between two AA zwitterions, this is the form AA's are found in Aqueous Environments.
You'd have better chances resurrecting Alexander The Great's Horse than attempting even a cogent explanation of how this could be in the Galactic Universe of Possibility, let alone actually Physically/Chemically forming a 30 mer "FUNCTIONAL" Protein, "Naturally"!!
AND...This is even before we discuss: Primary Structure, Sunlight which destroys AA's (and Nucleo-Bases), pH, Cross Reactions, Brownian Motion, Hydrolysis, and Oxidation.
I suppose this is what the Grand Poobah of Origin of Life Research (Dr. Leslie Orgel) was referring to, when he said...
"However, solutions offered by supporters of geneticist or metabolist scenarios that are dependent on
“if pigs could fly” hypothetical chemistry are unlikely to help."
Orgel LE (2008) The Implausibility of Metabolic Cycles on the Prebiotic Earth, PLoS Biology.
regards