You need to prove your assertion. Here, I'll repeat it for you since you continue to talk about other things:
You have asserted there exists a set (of the same cardinality as S) of functions that map S to P(S) such that exactly one member of P(S) is not in the codomain of any of the functions.
Prove this set exists.
I'll construct the matrices of the {{}}_cube in a different way, which may help to understand the cube argument (without loss of generality).
An example of a first matrix of {{}}_cube (diagonalization is available):
Code:
*--------- |S| ---------*
| |
*-- a -- [{a} ,{a,b} ,{a,c}, ...] The vertical elements of the matrix,
| are the members of |S| proper subsets of P(S)
b -- [{b} ,{b} ,{b} , ...] that provide {} as the member of P(S),
|S| which is not in the range of any of
c -- [{c} ,{c} ,{c} , ...] these proper subsets.
|
*-- ...
An example of a second matrix of {{}}_cube (diagonalization is available):
Code:
*--------- |S| ---------*
| |
*-- a -- [{a,d},{a,b} ,{a,c}, ...] The vertical elements of the matrix,
| are the members of |S| proper subsets of P(S)
b -- [{b} ,{b,d} ,{b} , ...] that provide {} as the member of P(S),
|S| which is not in the range of any of
c -- [{c} ,{c} ,{c,d}, ...] these proper subsets.
|
*-- ...
... etc. ... and we get a cube of |S| matrices, where no one of the members of that matrices is {}. Therefore this particular cube is called {{}}_cube where other members of set P(S) are easily demonstrated as elements of {{}}_cube.
If you do not believe me, then please provide any member of set P(S) (except {}) and I will easily show that it is already included in {{}}_cube.
Diagonalization is not available among a given cube, which means that given any diagonal set, it is already included as some proper subset of |S| P(S) members in that cube (for example: the diagonal set {{a,d},{b,d},{c,d},...} (where {d,d} is not its member) in the example of a second matrix, is already included in the {{}}_cube).
In case that a given diagonal set of |S| P(S) members, does not provide {} within {{}}_cube, it is simply an element of a cube that is not {{}}_cube.
Since it is impossible to establish the set of all P(S) members that no one of them is mapped with some S member, then the best that we can get is the equation |S|=|S|
3+|{{}}|, for all |P(S)| cubes, and being closed under |S| is insufficient in order to conclude that |S|<|P(S)|.